Prognostic Factors and Models for Changes in Cognitive Performance After Multi-Domain Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Cognitive Training (CT) may contribute to the maintenance and even enhancement of cognitive functions in healthy older adults. However, the question who benefits most from multi-domain CTs is still highly under-investigated.Objective: The goal is to investigate prognostic factors and models for changes in cognitive test performance in healthy older adults after a multi-domain CT.Methods: The data bases MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo were searched up to July 2019. Studies investigating prognostic factors and/or models on cognitive outcomes (global cognition, memory, attention, executive functions, language, visuo-spatial abilities) after conducting a multi-domain CT in healthy older adults were included. Risk of Bias was assessed using the QUIPS and the PROBAST tool.Results: 23 prognostic factor and model studies were included. Results indicate a high heterogeneity regarding the conducted multi-domain CTs, the investigated prognostic factors, the investigated outcomes, and the used statistical approaches. Age and neuropsychological performance at study entry were the most investigated predictors, yet they show inconsistent results.Conclusion: Data on prognostic factors and models of changes after multi-domain CT are still too rare and inconsistent to draw clear conclusions due to statistical shortcomings and low reporting quality. Approaches for future research are outlined.Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, ID: CRD42020147531

A systematic review on prognostic factors and models for changes in quality of life and depressive symptoms after multi‐domain cognitive training in healthy older adults: Who benefits?

“…Second, the present review focusing on QoL and depressive symptoms as outcomes. For a detailed description of the methods used, see Roheger et al 23 . The entire project was pre‐registered (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, ID: CRD42020147531).…”

“…The present systematic review is part of a larger project on identifying prognostic factors and models of changes on several outcomes after multi-domain training. Due to our broad systematic search strategy, we were able to conduct two sub-projects: first, a review addressing prognostic factors and models of changes on cognitive outcomes (e.g., global cognition, executive function 23 ). Second, the present review focusing on QoL and depressive symptoms as outcomes.…”

“…20 Prognostic factors, such as sociodemographic, neuropsychological or neural parameters, could facilitate the process of individual decision-making with regard to interventions improving QoL and (early) signs of depression in healthy adults. So far, systematic reviews exist on prognostic factors 21 and models 22 on memory training and on multidomain CT responsiveness 23 ; however, they do not take into account patient-related outcomes as QoL and depressive symptoms, but rather cognitive outcomes. Thus, gaining further knowledge on potential predictors of beneficial changes in QoL and depressive symptoms after CT would be highly relevant for decision support to realize personalized medicine, for example, in the context of preventing cognitive decline and depressive symptoms.…”

Serum Albumin as Prognostic Marker for Older Adults in Hospital and Community Settings

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