Prognostic and predictive biomarkers post curative intent therapy

Abstract

Large-scale screening trials have demonstrated that early diagnosis of lung cancer results in a significant reduction in lung cancer mortality. Despite improvements in detecting more lung cancers at early stages, the 5-year survival rates of lung cancers diagnosed before widespread disease is only 30-50%.High rates of recurrence, despite early diagnosis, suggest the need to improve treatment strategies based on the likelihood of recurrence in patient subsets, as well as explore the role of predictive markers for therapy selection in the adjuvant setting. In the era of personalized medicine, there have been a wide array of molecular alterations and signatures studied for their potential prognostic and predictive utility, however most have failed to translate into clinical tools. This review will discuss progress made in clinical management of lung cancer, and recent progress in the development of patient selection tools for the refinement of early stage lung cancers.

Systematic identification of lincRNA‐based prognostic biomarkers by integrating lincRNA expression and copy number variation in lung adenocarcinoma

“…; log‐rank FDR = 5.78e‐04). This supported previous findings that identified a four‐gene signature including LINC00941 as a robust prognostic classifier in stage I LUAD patients . Coexpression analysis demonstrated that 79 PCGs were potential targets of LINC00941 .…”

“…This supported previous findings that identified a four-gene signature including LINC00941 as a robust prognostic classifier in stage I LUAD patients. 53,54 Coexpression analysis demonstrated that 79 PCGs were potential targets of LINC00941. These included KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase (KRAS), vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), collagen type IV alpha 6 chain (COL4A6), integrin subunit alpha (ITGA5 and ITGA6) and laminin subunit alpha (LAMC2 and LAMA3).…”

Histology-dependent prognostic role of pERK and p53 protein levels in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

“…In a recent large-scale meta-analysis comparing 42 published gene signatures in a large group of datasets, including 1927 NSCLC patients, the meta-estimated hazard ratios (95% CI) for predicted high risk groups was observed to be between 1.25 and 1.72 in the cases of adenocarcinoma-based signatures and between 1.25 and 1.41 for those signatures based on squamous cell carcinomas [ 47 ]. However, to date, only two multigene prognostic signatures have been commercialized and are currently under validation in prospective randomized controlled trials [ 48 , 49 ]. These are myPlan® Lung Cancer (Myriad, Salt Lake City, UT) and Pervenio™ Lung RS platform (Life Technologies, West Sacrament, CA.…”

Biomarkers in Lung Cancer Screening: Achievements, Promises, and Challenges

“…Other recent articles have dealt with early prognostic biomarkers of lung cancer. 22,23 In the current review, we will focus initially on biomarkers that are noninvasive, reproducible, and validated and conclude with other promising technologies that are being developed in the context of early detection.…”