Prognostic and Immunological Roles of CES2 in Breast Cancer and Potential Application of CES2-Targeted Fluorescent Probe DDAB in Breast Surgery

Qu, Weikun; Yao, Yalu; Liu, Yaqian; Jo, HyonSu; Zhang, Qianran; Zhao, Hailin

doi:10.2147/ijgm.s406835

“…[90][91] Recently, carboxyesterase 2 (CES2), a serine hydrolase involved in xenobiotic metabolism, has been proposed as a predictive marker showing a strong correlation with higher CD8 + T cell infiltration in the TME. [92][93] Among other candidate enzymes whose activity has been implicated in the TIME, here we focus on recent strategies targeting functional proteolytic enzymes -granzymes and neutrophil elastase -which have shown great promise in understanding of cancer immunotherapy.…”

Section: Substrate and Activity-based Imaging Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Non‐Invasive Imaging Probes for Cancer Immunotherapy

Kazim,

Yoo

2023

Angew Chem Int Ed

1

0

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The last two decades have witnessed a major revolution in the field of tumor immunology including clinical progress using various immunotherapy strategies. These advances have highlighted the potential for approaches that harness the power of the immune system to fight against cancer. While cancer immunotherapies have shown significant clinical successes, patient responses vary widely due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of tumors and immune responses, calling for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy. Especially, stratifying responding individuals from non‐responders during early stages of treatment could help avoid long‐term damages and tailor personalized treatments. In efforts to develop non‐invasive means for accurately evaluating and predicting tumor response to immunotherapy, multiple affinity‐based agents targeting immune cell markers and checkpoint molecules have been developed and advanced to clinical trials. In addition, researchers have recently turned their attention to substrate and activity‐based imaging probes that can provide real‐time, functional assessment of immune response to treatment. Here, we highlight some of those recently designed probes that image functional proteases as biomarkers of cancer immunotherapy with a focus on their chemical design and detection modalities and discuss challenges and opportunities for the development of imaging tools utilized in cancer immunotherapy.

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Recent Advances in the Development of Non‐Invasive Imaging Probes for Cancer Immunotherapy

Kazim,

Yoo

2023

Angewandte Chemie

0

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The last two decades have witnessed a major revolution in the field of tumor immunology including clinical progress using various immunotherapy strategies. These advances have highlighted the potential for approaches that harness the power of the immune system to fight against cancer. While cancer immunotherapies have shown significant clinical successes, patient responses vary widely due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of tumors and immune responses, calling for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy. Especially, stratifying responding individuals from non‐responders during early stages of treatment could help avoid long‐term damages and tailor personalized treatments. In efforts to develop non‐invasive means for accurately evaluating and predicting tumor response to immunotherapy, multiple affinity‐based agents targeting immune cell markers and checkpoint molecules have been developed and advanced to clinical trials. In addition, researchers have recently turned their attention to substrate and activity‐based imaging probes that can provide real‐time, functional assessment of immune response to treatment. Here, we highlight some of those recently designed probes that image functional proteases as biomarkers of cancer immunotherapy with a focus on their chemical design and detection modalities and discuss challenges and opportunities for the development of imaging tools utilized in cancer immunotherapy.

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Cancer Diagnosis by Gene-Environment Interactions via Combination of SMOTE-Tomek and Overlapped Group Screening Approaches with Application to Imbalanced TCGA Clinical and Genomic Data

Wang,

Liu,

Min

et al. 2024

Mathematics

0

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The complexity of cancer development involves intricate interactions among multiple biomarkers, such as gene-environment interactions. Utilizing microarray gene expression profile data for cancer classification is anticipated to be effective, thus drawing considerable interest in the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology. Due to the characteristics of genomic data, problems of high-dimensional interactions and noise interference do exist during the analysis process. When building cancer diagnosis models, we often face the dilemma of model adaptation errors due to an imbalance of data types. To mitigate the issues, we apply the SMOTE-Tomek procedure to rectify the imbalance problem. Following this, we utilize the overlapping group screening method alongside a binary logistic regression model to integrate gene pathway information, facilitating the identification of significant biomarkers associated with clinically imbalanced cancer or normal outcomes. Simulation studies across different imbalanced rates and gene structures validate our proposed method’s effectiveness, surpassing common machine learning techniques in terms of classification prediction accuracy. We also demonstrate that prediction performance improves with SMOTE-Tomek treatment compared to no imbalance treatment and SMOTE treatment across various imbalance rates. In the real-world application, we integrate clinical and gene expression data with prior pathway information. We employ SMOTE-Tomek and our proposed methods to identify critical biomarkers and gene-environment interactions linked to the imbalanced binary outcomes (cancer or normal) in patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas datasets of lung adenocarcinoma and breast invasive carcinoma. Our proposed method consistently achieves satisfactory classification accuracy. Additionally, we have identified biomarkers indicative of gene-environment interactions relevant to cancer and have provided corresponding estimates of odds ratios. Moreover, in high-dimensional imbalanced data, for achieving good prediction results, we recommend considering the order of balancing processing and feature screening.

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Prognostic and Immunological Roles of CES2 in Breast Cancer and Potential Application of CES2-Targeted Fluorescent Probe DDAB in Breast Surgery

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Recent Advances in the Development of Non‐Invasive Imaging Probes for Cancer Immunotherapy

Recent Advances in the Development of Non‐Invasive Imaging Probes for Cancer Immunotherapy

Recent Advances in the Development of Non‐Invasive Imaging Probes for Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancer Diagnosis by Gene-Environment Interactions via Combination of SMOTE-Tomek and Overlapped Group Screening Approaches with Application to Imbalanced TCGA Clinical and Genomic Data

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