“…Patients at high risk for lethal complications may be identified by renal disease, hypertension, lung involvement, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and antibodies to phospholipids, or active disease demonstrated by a high disease activity index score despite therapy. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] For this group of patients who have failed pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplanation (HSCT) has induced drug-free, clinical and serologic remission for more than 4 years. [9][10][11] Mobilization and conditioning regimen Mobilization of stem cells from the blood with G-CSF alone has been demonstrated to precipitate a flare of some autoimmune diseases.…”