Prognosis in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with regard to the electrocardiogram

Electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…In 1975, Kok-Jensen reported that an ECG with a QRS axis + 90 to + 180°and/or P-II amplitude 0.20 mV or more in patients with severe chronic bronchial obstruction is related to poor survival [96]. In the early 1980s, Smit et al suggested that Pamplitude in lead II was one of the best predictors for five-year survival in COPD patients [97]. Further studies have investigated the clinical impact and prognostic significance of ECG abnormalities in COPD patients expanding our knowledge in this issue.…”