Prognosis in infantile idiopathic scoliosis.

Ceballos, T; Ferrer-Torrelles, M; Castillo, F Erick; Fernandez-Paredes, E

doi:10.2106/00004623-198062060-00001

Cited by 71 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…This observation was confirmed in later studies [5,8,16], and it was further reported that the RVAD is of prognostic importance in juvenile scoliosis as well [17]. Measurements of RVAs have been used in analyses of the effect of various surgical procedures on the rib cage in patients with IS [26], RVA values have also been used in studies of the shape of the thorax during growth [11,27] and it has been suggested that asymmetries between the left and right RVAs result from an imbalance between ;muscular forces on either side of the spine and that this could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of adolescent IS [3].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In this context it must be pointed out that measurements of the RVADs in some earlier studies have concentrated on the level of the apical vertebra [5,8,16,18,24] where the difference, as seen in the present study, is the least. Earlier conclusions regarding the importance of the RVAD at the apical level could therefore change if this is taken into consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

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Rib-vertebral angle asymmetry in idiopathic, neuromuscular and experimentally induced scoliosis

Sevastik¹,

Xiong²,

Sevastik³

et al. 1997

Eur Spine J

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The concave and convex rib-vertebral angle (RVA) at levels T2-T12 was measured on AP radiographs of 19 patients with right convex idiopathic thoracic scoliosis and 10 patients with major thoracic right convex neuromuscular scoliosis. The difference between the angles on the concave and the convex sides, the RVAD, was calculated. The RVAs were also measured on radiographs from three animal groups in which spinal curves had been induced experimentally in a variety of ways. Group 1 comprised 16 rabbits that had been subjected to selective electrostimulation of the latissimus dorsi, the erector spinae and the intercostal muscles. Group 2 comprised four dead rabbits whose spines had been subjected to manual bending. Group 3 comprised eight rabbits that had undergone mechanical elongation of one rib. In both the idiopathic and the neuromuscular group, the convex RVA was smaller than the concave RVA between levels T2 and T8, with a maximal difference between T4 to T5. From T9 to T12 the concave RVA was smaller than the convex. The RVA in relation to the scoliotic segment, i.e. the apex level of the curve and the two neighbouring vertebrae above and below this level, showed similar results. With increasing Cobb angle the RVADs increased linearly with the greatest difference at the second vertebra above the apex. In the three experimental groups the pattern of the RVADs between T6 to T12 was basically similar to the findings of the clinical study. From the results of these clinical and experimental studies, it is concluded that the typical pattern of the RVAs on the concave and convex sides seems to be independent of the underlying cause of the spinal curvature. It is likely that the RVADs result from a passive mechanical adaptation of the ribs to the lateral curvature of the spine.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Rib-vertebral angle asymmetry in idiopathic, neuromuscular and experimentally induced scoliosis

Sevastik¹,

Xiong²,

Sevastik³

et al. 1997

Eur Spine J

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“…Plagiocephaly is a benign moulding of a child's head which commonly develops after birth during the first 6 months of life, in response to lying on its back ('supine') with the head to one side [135]. In surveys of several hundred babies under the age of three who had scoliosis, 97-100% also had plagiocephaly which matched to the sidedness of the curve [136][137][138]. This remarkable correlation apparently occurs because the same asymmetric posture which leads to head moulding also induces asymmetric moulding of the thorax, resulting in development of a spinal curvature [135,139].…”

Section: Published Evidence Against Exercises As Treatment For Scoliosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of exercises in the treatment of scoliosis: an evidence-based critical review of the literature

Hawes¹

2003

Pediatric Rehabilitation

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The loss of flexibility in a spinal curvature defines it as a structural spinal deformity; a curvature sufficiently mobile to resolve with a change in posture is a non-structural or 'functional' scoliosis which is within the normal limits of movement for a human spine. It, therefore, seems logical that exercise-based therapies designed to improve and/or maintain flexibility and range of motion of the spine and thorax would be useful in the treatment of scoliosis. Recognition of the importance of maintaining flexibility of the thoracic spinal column to avoid scoliosis-associated pulmonary dysfunction made the use of exercise-based therapies a topic of clinical interest in ancient Greece. In recent years, successful prevention of polio epidemics has resulted in a stable change in patient populations such that most individuals diagnosed with scoliosis do not suffer from irreversible central nervous system compromise. As a result, realistic opportunities to examine the role of exercise in treatment of scoliosis are available for the first time in history. A growing body of evidence from independent sources is consistent with the hypothesis that exercise-based approaches can be used effectively to reverse the signs and symptoms of spinal deformity and to prevent progression in children and adults.

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“…Several European studies found IIS to be more common in Europe (12.8 %) compared to North America (0.25 %) [8][9][10][11][12]. In the UK, up to 50 % of patients with idiopathic scoliosis are reported to have the early onset form (defined as less than 8 years of age [8]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are intraspinal anomalies in early onset idiopathic scoliosis as common as once thought? A two centre United Kingdom study

2012

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Purpose Rates of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis may be as high as 50 %. We aimed to determine the rates of neural axis abnormalities in early onset idiopathic scoliosis patients in a British population. Methods This retrospective study at two British spinal deformity clinics identified 72 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria of: (1) age at diagnosis of 7 years and younger, (2) idiopathic scoliosis and (3) magnetic resonance imaging of the neuraxis. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 3.6 years and the mean Cobb angle was 47°with a near equal distribution of left (32) and right (36) sided curves. Eight (11.1 %) neural axis abnormalities consisting of two syrinxes, one Arnoldchiari Type I malformation and five combined (Arnold-chiari malformation Type I and syrinx) anomalies were identified. Conclusions This multi-centre study on the largest number of British subjects to date helps to establish the rates of neural axis abnormalities.

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Prognosis in infantile idiopathic scoliosis.

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Rib-vertebral angle asymmetry in idiopathic, neuromuscular and experimentally induced scoliosis

Rib-vertebral angle asymmetry in idiopathic, neuromuscular and experimentally induced scoliosis

The use of exercises in the treatment of scoliosis: an evidence-based critical review of the literature

Are intraspinal anomalies in early onset idiopathic scoliosis as common as once thought? A two centre United Kingdom study

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