Prognosis in Colon Cancer

Current Hypotheses on How Microsatellite Instability Leads to Enhanced Survival of Lynch Syndrome Patients

“…The potential positive impact on disease outcome that dense infiltration of lymphocytes in various tumors has been a subject of considerable debate and speculation [30–33, 39–50]. A recent study of CRCs that did not take into consideration the MSI status of the tumor found that patients with tumors infiltrated with increased levels of cytotoxic and memory (CD45RO+) T cells had improved outcome as compared with patients with low levels of cytotoxic and memory T cells [50].…”

“…The immune system can be exploited to control tumors that express foreign antigens (such as the case with human papillomavirus and cervical cancer vaccine). Lynch Syndrome tumors have high levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) [30–33, 39–50], suggesting that tolerance does not exist to some peptides expressed by these tumors. This paper will focus on the potential role that the immune system may play in enhancing prognosis in Lynch Syndrome, although other cellular mechanisms may also influence host well-being.…”

Computational methods for metastasis detection in lymph nodes and characterization of the metastasis-free lymph node microarchitecture: A systematic-narrative hybrid review

“…The presence of structural changes such as sinus histiocytosis has been associated with the presence of a host anti-tumor response in patients with breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers. 9 , 10 , 11 In the same cancers, the presence of LNs with follicular hyperplasia were related to a longer patient survival. 12 , 13 , 14 It has been suggested that the presence of a hyperplastic LN paracortex might be a predictor of better survival in gastric cancer patients.…”

Carcinoma and Sarcoma Microenvironment at a Glance: Where We Are

“…Since the second decade of the 1900s, the hypothesis that immune cells represent a host defense mechanism against cancer and that the abundance of immune infiltrates correlated with patients survival was formed (57). In particular, for CRC, the first evidence supporting this hypothesis was published at the end of the 1970s (57)(58)(59). Further studies led to the identification of the most important players in this complex mechanism; this category of cells acquired the name tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), which is composed of T-lymphocytes, Blymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells (19,22).…”