Prognosis and sequelae of meth(acrylate) sensitization in beauticians and consumers of manicure materials

Abstract

BackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis from (meth)acrylic monomers (ACDMA) in manicure products is increasing.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognosis, work performance impairment and sequelae of a cohort of beauticians and manicure consumers with ACDMA sensitized from the exposure to manicure products.MethodsWe conducted a telephone survey with patients diagnosed with ACDMA.ResultsOne hundred and six patients were evaluated, including 75 (70.8%) beauticians and 31 (29.2%) consumers. All were women with a mean age of 39 (19–62). Thirty‐seven of 75 beauticians (49.3%) continued to work. Twenty‐seven of 106 (25.5%) patients continued to use manicure products with (meth)acrylates regularly. Seventeen of 51 (33.3%) patients who discontinued the exposure described ongoing nail/periungual changes. Nine of 58 (15.5%) patients who required dental restoration, orthodontic or occlusal splint materials recalled reactions from them; and, 25 of 96 (26%) who used sanitary napkins recalled intolerance to them starting after the diagnosis of ACDMA. Fifteen of 25 (60%) discontinued the use of sanitary napkins.Conclusion49.3% beauticians continued to work; most patients stopped wearing acrylic manicure materials; reactions from dental materials were not uncommon, however, removal of dental materials was never required; and, reactions to sanitary napkins developing after the diagnosis of ACDMA were common most leading to discontinuation of use.

2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2‐HEMA) sensitization, a global epidemic at its peak in Spain?

“…The overall frequency of sensitization to 2-HEMA in the 4-year study period was identified to be 4.3%, which is higher than the frequency found by prior research conducted by GEIDAC 10 18 The percentage of positive reactions to HEMA was likely underestimated since D7 readings were only performed in a low proportion of cases.…”

“…26,27 Incontinence pads have been described as possible causes of eczema in (meth)acrylate-sensitized patients. [28][29][30][31] One patient developed scaly eczematous fingertip reactions following contact with glues and different materials while making miniature models. One patient sensitized to 2-HEMA recalled eczematous reactions from the exposure to a specific brand of running shoes.…”

“…According to further research (conducted from 2008 to 2017), the frequency of sensitization to 2-HEMA in consecutively patch tested patients with eczema was found to be 2.3% (66/2844 patients). 11 Patch tests with 2-HEMA were also systematically performed in The United Kingdom (UK), 12 Italy 13 and Denmark, 14 and a frequency of reactions to 2-HEMA were reported to be 1.7%, 1.5% and 2.4%, respectively. Subsequently, it was recommended that 2-HEMA 2% in petrolatum (pet.)…”

Results of patch testing 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in the European baseline series: A 4‐year retrospective study

“…Five of our patients, who were primarily sensitized to nail cosmetics, later had allergic reactions to other (meth)acrylate‐containing products such as dental products (of who one developed occupational ACD when she started working as a dental assistant) and TENS‐electrodes. Such secondary reactions have previously been observed to dental materials such as dental fillings and restoration, orthodontic or occlusal splint materials and desensitizing dental swabs, 13–19 knee prostheses (bone cement) 20 and incontinence pads 21 . In a recent study, secondary reactions to printing inks, paints, 16 glues and sanitary napkins were also mentioned 13 .…”

“…Such secondary reactions have previously been observed to dental materials such as dental fillings and restoration, orthodontic or occlusal splint materials and desensitizing dental swabs, 13–19 knee prostheses (bone cement) 20 and incontinence pads 21 . In a recent study, secondary reactions to printing inks, paints, 16 glues and sanitary napkins were also mentioned 13 . Fifteen per cent of patients sensitized by nail cosmetics later reacted to dental materials and 25% to sanitary napkins.…”