Prognosis and growth activity depend on patient age in clinical and subclinical papillary thyroid carcinoma [Review]

Ito, Yasuhiro; Miyauchi, Akira; Kobayashi, Kaoru; Miya, Akihiro

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0403

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Ito et al performed a multivariate analysis and found that not only old age (≥ 60 yrs) but also young age (< 30 yrs) were independent predictors of locoregional and distant recurrence of PTC [13]. Ito and Miyauchi et al also demonstrated that papillary microcarcinoma (PMC: PTC ≤ 1 cm) in young patients (≤ 40 yrs) is more likely to progress during observation [14,15]. These findings suggest that the developing activity of PTC in young patients is high, although their CSS is excellent.…”

Section: D) Extrathyroid Extension (Ex)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and dynamic prognostic factors of papillary thyroid carcinoma [Review]

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The two types of prognostic factors of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are static and dynamic. The following static prognostic factors have been conventionally adopted: age, tumor size, extrathyroid extension, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis based on pre-, intra-and post-operative findings. These factors are useful to decide therapeutic strategies for PTC patients, including the extent of surgery and radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation. However, even the combination of these factors evaluated pathologically postoperatively is not good enough at predicting recurrence in clinical settings. The dynamic prognostic factors of changes in serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) values in patients who have undergone a total thyroidectomy are important to evaluate the progression of carcinoma recurrence and to predict patients' cause-specific survival, regardless of their backgrounds and the clinicopathological features of their PTC. Dynamic prognostic factors are superior to static prognostic factors in terms of expressing the condition of recurrence on a real-time basis.Key words: Prognostic factors, Papillary thyroid carcinoma, Thyroglobulin, Thyroglobulin antibody, Lymph node metastasis PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA (PTC) is the most common malignancy originating from the thyroid. Although it is generally indolent, several aggressive features of PTC predict a dire prognosis. The prognostic factors can be classified into two categories, i.e., static and dynamic prognostic factors. Static prognostic factors are based on the patient's background, findings of preoperative imaging studies, intraoperative gross findings, and postoperative pathological findings. They are useful for decisions regarding the choice of therapeutic strategies such as the extent of surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression. In contrast, dynamic prognostic factors are based on changes over time in serum thyrogloblulin (Tg) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels after total thyroidectomy. They are very important to estimate whether and how recurred lesions progress in real time and to predict the cause-specific survival (CSS) of PTC patients. In this review, the static and dynamic prognostic factors for PTC are reviewed separately. Static prognostic factorsStatic prognostic factors can be subdivided into three classifications based on the time of evaluation: pre-, intra-, and post-operation. The former two can be used to decide the extent of thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection.

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Section: D) Extrathyroid Extension (Ex)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and dynamic prognostic factors of papillary thyroid carcinoma [Review]

et al. 2014

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“…[3][4][5]. However, some investigators reported that advanced age might represent a risk factor for more aggressive and/or more rapidly progressive RCC [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age on cancer-specific mortality in patients with small renal masses: A population-based analysis

Bandini

Marchioni²,

Pompe³

et al. 2018

CUAJ

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Introduction: Contemporary data regarding the effect of age, especially in the elderly patients, on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) for pT1a renal cell cancer (RCC) are lacking. The objective of the current study is to evaluate CSM in a large population-based cohort of surgically treated pT1a RCC patients according to age groups. Methods: Within the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (2000-2013), we identified 37 121 pT1a RCC patients who underwent either partial or radical nephrectomy. The population was stratified into five groups according to decades: <50, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years. The effect of age on CSM was evaluated using competing risks regression models according to Fuhrman grade (FG). Analyses were repeated in clear-cell RCC (ccRCC). Results: Patients aged 50-59 (9615), 60-69 (10 762), 70-79 (7096), and ≥80 (1789) years demonstrated higher rate of CSM compared to patients aged <50 (7856) yrs (hazard ratios [HR] 2.11, 3.04, 4.47, and 7.56, respectively; all p<0.001). The effect of age on CSM in FG 1-2 patients resulted in HRs ranged from 2.01-8.23 for the same age decades (all p< 0.001). Similarly, the effect of age on CSM in FG 3-4 patients resulted in HRs ranged from 2.38-5.92, respectively (all p< 0.001). Virtually the same results were recorded in ccRCC patients. Conclusions: Older age is associated with higher CSM in surgically treated patients with pT1a RCC. This effect seems to be more pronounced in patient with FG 1-2 disease. This observation should be considered in treatment decision-making in elderly patients.

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“…Young patients (<40 years) were more likely to experience thyroid tumor enlargement and novel lymph node appearance compared with middle-age (40-59 years) and older patients (>60 years) (15,16). An increase in the size of the PMC was seen in four of the nine women who became pregnant while being followed with active surveillance (14).…”

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confidence: 97%