Prognoses and Psychological Scores in Electroconvulsive Therapy, Psychosurgery, and Spontaneous Remission

Psychological tests in psychopathological prognosis.

“…There is also a large amount of disagreement in the general findings reported. Often it is claimed that psychotics manifesting the greater intellectual power are more likely to improve (16, 21,57,89,92,98,105,143,144,145,174,175,181), but just as frequently no relationship is found (45,57,66,121,130,143,144,165,181,183) or else those who perform less efficiently on ability tests show the better outcome (91,92,106,107,116,133,145,175,182,183).…”

Psychological test covariates of conceptual deficit in schizophrenia.

“…As yet, however, there have been very few systematic attempts to investigate factors which might be related to this deficit. Different studies have described some of these factors, such as inappropriate and/or flattened affect, disturbed intellectual functioning, poor prognosis, chronicity, and hebephrenic diagnosis (Kasanin & Hanfmann, 1938;Meadow & Funkenstein, 1952;Scherer, 1951;Stotsky & Lawrence, 1955), but replication of these findings is generally lacking, and many other factors must remain to be described. The present study represents a preliminary attempt to investigate some of these factors, with the specific purpose of determining whether conceptual deficit in schizophrenia covaries consistently with performance on psychological tests and with certain clinical variables, in the hope of generating hypotheses for future research.…”

The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy: A literature review

“…Neurologist John Friedberg suggested that in the early days "the influence of ECT was on the minds of the psychiatrists, producing optimism and earlier discharges" (Friedberg, 1976). Despite this possibility (which could not be evaluated without SECT), some early studies found lower recovery rates for ECT recipients than for non-recipients (Karagulla, 1950) or no difference (Scherer, 1951).…”