Progesterone luteal support after ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Progesterone-releasing vaginal ring for luteal phase support after superovulation and intrauterine insemination cycles, a pilot study

“…with similar protocols than ours, namely using recombinant FSH (Maher, 2011,Agha-Hosseini et al, 2012,Hill et al, 2013. And differ from those inducing ovulation with clomiphene citrate that ovulation induction with gonadotropins induce a relative -tration of exogenous progesterone.…”

“…The effect of exogenous gonadotropins directly on the ovaries leads to increased serum estradiol and negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary--ovarian axis (Messinis, 2006,Tavaniotou et al, 2002,Tavaniotou et al, 2001), leading to aberrant LH pulsatility and progesterone secretion (Rossmanith et al, 1990). This feedback loop has been proposed as a mechanism of luteal phase dysfunction in gonadotropin-stimulated cycles (Tavaniotou et al, 2002,Tavaniotou et al, 2001,Hill et al, 2013. none of the pregnant patients experienced a miscarriage.…”

“…Unlike assisted reproductive technology cycles such as in vitro fertilisation cycles with own or donated cycles, and the transfer of frozen/thawed embryos, there is no consensus whether luteal phase support is needed in cycles of intrauterine insemination following ovulation induction (Hill et al, 2013) (Cohlen, 2009). and the onset of menses or the establishment of a pregnancy (Kyrou et al, 2010).…”

Recent advances in the development of transdermal delivery systems for treatment of infertility

“…This includes fresh IVF, frozen-thawed embryo transfers, donor oocyte transfers, and induction of ovulation with gonadotropins. 36 Due to its ubiquitous use in infertility treatment, progesterone would be an ideal option for transdermal delivery. However, when progesterone is administered transdermally, it is rapidly metabolized by 5α-reductase to 5α-dihydroprogesterone, which lowers plasma progesterone levels.…”

Gonadotropins for Women with Unexplained Infertility

“…Several studies have looked into the prospect of luteal phase support with vaginal progesterone in IUI. The two most recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses analysed 5 RCTs and have concluded that vaginal progesterone supplementation significantly improves live birth rates in IUI cycles stimulated with gonadotropins [55,56].…”