Progesterone: History, facts, and artifacts

Renzo, Gian Carlo Di; Tosto, Valentina; Цибизова, В. И.

doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.07.012

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The history of progesterone (PG) is long and characterized by numerous and fascinating chronological steps, and it is probably destinated to have a “never-ending history”, as discussed in a recent paper [ 26 , 27 ]. Progesterone is probably the oldest hormone scientists know about.…”

Section: Progesterone: Biochemical “Identikit” and Rationale For Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important revolution in theme of progesterone is the development of micronization process, which led to further optimization of clinical effects and objectives deriving from its use. The micronization of progesterone and its suspension in oil-filled capsules was first studied in the late 1970s; this allowed progesterone to be absorbed more efficiently by the traditional oral route [ 26 ].…”

Section: Progesterone: Biochemical “Identikit” and Rationale For Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, micronized progesterone products are largely preferred and used in obstetrics (and not only in this field) for many medical conditions, including threatened miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss and PTB prevention [ 26 , 33 , 34 ]. Based on the major part of consistent researches, the vaginal administration would be the best option to use due to the better concentrations that reach the uterus for the “first uterine pass effect” and to avoid the unwanted side effects such as nausea, headache, and sleepiness derived from oral route [ 26 , 35 ]. Table 2 reports the main e biochemical, immune and hormonal mechanisms of progesterone that are involved in the maintenance of pregnancy.…”

Section: Progesterone: Biochemical “Identikit” and Rationale For Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention of Preterm Birth with Progesterone

Renzo

Tosto

Цибизова

et al. 2021

JCM

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Gestational age at birth is a critical factor for perinatal and adulthood outcomes, and even for transgenerational conditions’ effects. Preterm birth (PTB) (prematurity) is still the main determinant for infant mortality and morbidity leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, preterm birth (PTB) is a relevant public health issue worldwide and the global PTB rate is around 11%. The premature activation of labor is underlined by complex mechanisms, with a multifactorial origin influenced by numerous known and probably unknown triggers. The possible mechanisms involved in a too early labor activation have been partially explained, and involve chemokines, receptors, and imbalanced inflammatory paths. Strategies for the early detection and prevention of this obstetric condition were proposed in clinical settings with interesting results. Progesterone has been demonstrated to have a key role in PTB prevention, showing several positive effects, such as lower prostaglandin synthesis, the inhibition of cervical stromal degradation, modulating the inflammatory response, reducing gap junction formation, and decreasing myometrial activation. The available scientific knowledge, data and recommendations address multiple current areas of debate regarding the use of progesterone in multifetal gestation, including different formulations, doses and routes of administration and its safety profile in pregnancy.

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Section: Progesterone: Biochemical “Identikit” and Rationale For Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Progesterone: Biochemical “Identikit” and Rationale For Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Progesterone: Biochemical “Identikit” and Rationale For Usementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevention of Preterm Birth with Progesterone

Renzo

Tosto

Цибизова

et al. 2021

JCM

Self Cite

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“…The terms progestogens, gestagens and progestagens refer to natural or synthetic compounds with progestational activity. The term progestins is used for synthetic compounds able to target PRs; these substances may have different or even opposite pharmacological properties and modes of action [ 136 , 137 ].…”

Section: Clinical Routes and Applications Of Progesteronementioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone: A Steroid with Wide Range of Effects in Physiology as Well as Human Medicine

Kolátorová

Vítků

Suchopár³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Progesterone is a steroid hormone traditionally linked with female fertility and pregnancy. In current reproductive medicine, progesterone and its analogues play crucial roles. While the discovery of its effects has a long history, over recent decades, various novel actions of this interesting steroid have been documented, of which its neuro- and immunoprotective activities are the most widely discussed. Discoveries of the novel biological activities of progesterone have also driven research and development in the field of progesterone analogues used in human medicine. Progestogen treatment has traditionally and predominately been used in maintaining pregnancy, the prevention of preterm labor, various gynecological pathologies, and in lowering the negative effects of menopause. However, there are also various other medical fields where progesterone and its analogues could find application in the future. The aim of this work is to show the mechanisms of action of progesterone and its metabolites, the physiological and pharmacological actions of progesterone and its synthetic analogues in human medicine, as well as the impacts of its production and use on the environment.

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“…AKR1C1 is usually expressed in lung, liver, testis, mammary gland, endometrium, brain, kidney, adipose cells, skin, osteoblasts, and optic nerve head astrocytes [73,74], exhibiting both 3α/β-and 20α-HSD activities and mainly reducing progesterone and 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one to their corresponding inactive metabolite 20a-hydroxyprogesterone with a function of 20-ketosteroid reductase [73,74]. Progesterone plays a crucial role in preventing the onset of premature birth, blunting the estrogenic effects in endometriosis and endometrial cancer [75,76]. Thus, the inhibition of AKR1C1 is a potential agent for the treatment of these disorders [77,78].…”

Section: Characteristics and Functions Of Hsdhs From Akrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism Study on Stereo-Selectivity of α or β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

et al. 2021

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Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are from two superfamilies of short-chain dehydrogenase (SDR) and aldo–keto reductase (AKR). The HSDHs were summarized and classified according to their structural and functional differences. A typical pair of enzymes, 7α–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α–HSDH) and 7β–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β–HSDH), have been reported before. Molecular docking of 7-keto–lithocholic acid(7–KLA) to the binary of 7β–HSDH and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) was realized via YASARA, and a possible binding model of 7β-HSDH and 7-KLA was obtained. The α side of 7–KLA towards NADP+ in 7β–HSDH, while the β side of 7–KLA towards nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in 7α-HSDH, made the orientations of C7–OH different in products. The interaction between Ser193 and pyrophosphate of NAD(P)+ [Ser193–OG···3.11Å···O1N–PN] caused the upturning of PN–phosphate group, which formed a barrier with the side chain of His95 to make 7–KLA only able to bind to 7β–HSDH with α side towards nicotinamide of NADP+. A possible interaction of Tyr253 and C24 of 7–KLA may contribute to the formation of substrate binding orientation in 7β–HSDH. The results of sequence alignment showed the conservation of His95, Ser193, and Tyr253 in 7β–HSDHs, exhibiting a significant difference to 7α–HSDHs. The molecular docking of other two enzymes, 17β–HSDH from the SDR superfamily and 3(17)α–HSDH from the AKR superfamily, has furtherly verified that the stereospecificity of HSDHs was related to the substrate binding orientation.

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Progesterone: History, facts, and artifacts

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Prevention of Preterm Birth with Progesterone

Prevention of Preterm Birth with Progesterone

Progesterone: A Steroid with Wide Range of Effects in Physiology as Well as Human Medicine

Molecular Mechanism Study on Stereo-Selectivity of α or β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

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