Profissionais De Saúde E O (Não)atendimento Ao Homem-Pai: Análise Em Representações Sociais

Abstract

RESUMO. Investigamos representações sociais de paternidade, segundo profissionais de saúde, e como essas podem intervir nos posicionamentos destes sobre o atendimento aos pais usuários do sistema público de saúde. Baseados em um roteiro semiestruturado, foram entrevistados individualmente 19 profissionais, médicos e enfermeiros atuantes em serviços públicos na área de saúde reprodutiva. Os resultados corroboram dados de estudos e revelam não haver preparo acadêmico dos profissionais para lidar com a paternidade e que os serviços não possuem infraestrutura para acolher esses pais. Verificamos que a presença paterna nos atendimentos não é incentivada, mesmo sendo avaliada como importante pelos participantes. Nas representações investigadas, a paternidade configura-se como função de provimento, distante do cuidado e do autocuidado, ancorando-se em crenças tradicionais sobre a masculinidade. O homem -pai de classe popular é representado como "vulnerável" e "de risco". Discutimos que e ssas representações podem dificultar o acompanhamento paterno durante a gestação e, consequentemente, o vínculo pai -filho. Palavras-chave: Paternidade; serviços de saúde; profissionais de saúde. HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND LACK OF ASSISTANCE TO THE MAN AND FATHER: AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONSABSTRACT. We investigated social representations of paternity according to health professionals and how these representations may affect the way they stand in relation to the assistance offered to fathers who use the public health system. An individually interviewed based on a semi -structured questionnaire, with 19 professionals, doctors and nurses who worked at a public maternity or at one of the six Family Health Units researched was carried out. Results confirmed data from other studies and showed that the professionals had no academic training to deal with paternity and that the services had no infrastructure to assist fathers. Although assessed as important, the fathers' presence at the appointments with doctors were not encouraged. Paternity, according to the representations investigated, is about provision, being distant from care and self -care and anchored on traditional beliefs on masculinity. The popular-class man and father is represented as "vulnerable " and "at risk". We discussed that these representations may hinder a father's participation in the course of pregnancy and, consequently, the father-child bonding.

Pais de primeira viagem: demanda por apoio e visibilidade

“…The evaluation of the positions of seclusion or exclusion indicated a strong implication of the SR of sex (both male and female) in the decisionmaking process, with emphasis on the action of the protective and strong man-father and on the care provided by the woman-mother. Considering the results and perspectives of several studies that identify, as elements of the SR of man and masculinity, virility, power and rationality -as well as in the SR of husband and father (strongly related to that of man) as the one who provides for and takes care of his family (Borsa;Nunes, 2011;Cortez et al, 2016) -we concluded that the respondents reproduce in everyday practice the requirements dictated by these representations and by the representations of woman and mother.…”

“…On the other hand, the concerns of the participants and the recognition of their need of support can be assessed as positive for indicating their intention of insertion into the gestational process so that, in addition to instrumentally fulfilling their paternal role, fatherhood allows them interactions that provide personal satisfaction. Since the initial practice of fatherhood was presented differently from the notion of fathers as providers only, we identified, as did other authors, evidence of a transformation process, through which the promotion of effective and affective involvement in the interaction between father and child is included in this notion (Bossardi et al, 2013;Cortez et al, 2016).…”

“…In this way, little value and social recognition is given to fathers who assume their emotional and participatory responsibility. The impact of these representations, as observed by Cortez et al (2016), extends to health services, which do not stimulate the men-fathers' participation in the gestational process, to academic spaces, which do not address this issue during the professionals' formal training, and to the legislation itself, which offers a derisory paternity leave period.…”

“…Although some authors defend the benefits of the participatory insertion of the father in the gestational process and in the baby's raising for all involved (Carneiro et al, 2013;Ferreira et al, 2014), it is common for society (families, partners, peers and professionals from various fields, including healthcare) to not understand nor encourage the participation of the man-father, depriving him of attention at the beginning of pregnancy or even after the child is born (Freitas et al, 2009;Brito, 2009;Toneli, 2011). Many authors identify practices of exclusion or non-inclusion of men-fathers in various public or private services, and agree with the need for more actions focused on them, including in the field of healthcare (Cortez et al, 2016;Freitas et al, 2009;Pontes et al, 2009).…”

“…Men who are to become fathers tend not to be considered by health professionals as part of their clientele in pre-natal consultations. They have no visibility in this context, also as a result of the professional practices associated with the traditional representations of men and fathers (Cortez et al, 2016).…”