Profils morpho-biometriques de la poule locale du Burkina Faso

Abstract

Au Burkina Faso les informations sur la poule locale sont rares entrainant des difficultés objectives de son exploitation rationnelle. Un total de 948 individus (692 femelles et 256 mâles) provenant de 251 élevages reparties dans les 3 zones agro-écologiques du Burkina Faso a été évalué pour 13 traits corporels quantitatifs et 09 qualitatifs dans le but de caractériser la variabilité phénotypique de la poule locale. Il ressort 13 coloris de plumage avec le blanc (19,16%) et l’herminé (16,75%) comme couleurs dominantes. Le site et le sexe ont eu une influence (p<0,05) sur les traits corporels analysés. L’Analyse en Composante Principale révèle l’existence de 2 sous-populations: une souche légère de petit gabarit (0,91 kg) dans les trois zones agro-écologiques et une souche lourde de grand gabarit (1,37 kg) dans les zones soudano-sahélienne et soudanienne, laissant présager des différences d’adaptation liées aux facteurs environnementaux. Un dimorphisme sexuel en faveur des mâles a été observé au niveau du poids vif moyen (1,64 kg vs 1,14 kg), de la longueur du corps (42,16 cm vs 37,30 cm) et du périmètre thoracique (29,01 cm vs 25,96 cm). Les résultats rapportés dans cette étude serviront de base pour l’élaboration de programmes de développement basés sur une exploitation rationnelle de la poule locale.Mots clés : Caractérisation phénotypique, poules locales, zones agro-écologiques, Burkina Faso.
 
 In Burkina Faso, information on poultry genetic resources is scarce and this scenario does not allow an accurate identification and management strategy for this species. A total of 948 individuals (692 females and 256 males) belonging to 251 different household, accros the 3 agro-ecological zones of Burkina Faso have been assessed for 13 quantitative traits and 9 qualitative traits in order to characterize phenotypic variability of local poultry. The most frequent plumage colors are white (19.16%) and hermine (16.75%) out of 13 different coulors identified. The site and the sex of the individuals had a statistically significant influence (P <0.05) on the 13 body measurements analyzed. Principal Component Analysis reveals the existence of 2 subpopulations in the 3 agro-ecological zones, a light hen with small size (0.91 kg) and a heavy and large size hen (1.37 kg), almost encountered in Sudan-Sahel and Sudan areas, suggesting differences in adaptation due to environmental factors. A sexual dimorphism was observed in favor of the males considering bodyweight (1,64 kg vs 1,14 kg), body length (42.16 cm vs 37.30 cm) and the Heart girth (29.01 cm vs 25.96 cm for females). The results reported in the current study will be useful for the establishment of breeding programme based on rational management of local poultry in Burkina Faso.Keywords : Phenotypic characterization, local hens, agro-ecological zones, Burkina Faso.

Morpho-Biometric Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity of Local Chicken Ecotypes in Four Regions (Centre-East, Sahel, Centre-North and South-West) of Burkina Faso

“…Two dominant feather types such as smooth feathers (wild type) and curly feathers (locus F) were identified. These results were different from those obtained in Burkina Faso 10 . The dominant (smooth) plumage of chicken in this study was found to be under the control of the f+ allele (f+*f+/f+*f+: wild type) 26 .…”

“…Chicken from the Centre-North and South-West regions were more similar in their characteristics resulting in an intermediate sub-population between the Konde and Sahel chickens. In the current study, three populations were identified in contrast to a previous study conducted by Pinde et al10 who found only two subpopulations. This difference in the number of sub-populations may be due to the difference in the sample sizes of the Konde chicken between these two studies.…”

“…This difference in the number of sub-populations may be due to the difference in the sample sizes of the Konde chicken between these two studies. Sub-population 1 was more homogeneous than those of the other two sub-populations (2 and 3) confirming the result of Pinde et al10 who found a higher homogeneity in the sub-population of Sahel zone bird.…”

“…Similarly, the other parameters measured confirmed the significant sexual dimorphism across the four regions. The average body weight of local roosters and hens of the Konde ecotype were higher than those of the local chicken as reported by Pinde et al 10 in the Sudanian zone (males = 1640±20 g, females = 1115±10 g), by Fotsa et al 14 in Cameroon (males = 1665±403 g, females = 1259±16 g), by Moula et al 15 in the Kabylie region in Algeria (males = 1427±18 g, females = 1144±18 g), by Dahloum et al 16 in north-eastern Algeria (males = 1716±17.53 g, females = 1451± 10.41 g) and by Getu et al 17 in Ethiopia (males = 1630± 300 g, females = 1370± 200 g). However, they were lower than those reported for Konde chickens by Ouandaogo cited by Keambou et al, 9 in Burkina Faso (males = 2500; females = 1800g), for local chickens by Jesuyon and Salako 18 in Nigeria (males = 2400±140 g, females = 1500±140 g) and by Guni et al 19 in Tanzania (Males = 2095±29.9 g, females = 1525 ± 15.9 g).…”

“…There is limited to no information on the genetic and zootechnical characteristics of local chickens in Burkina Faso. In fact, studies on the characterization of local chickens in Burkina Faso did not take into account the endangered ecotype "Konde" of the Centre-East region 10 . Such information is needed for the maintenance of the genetic diversity and could highlight the potential of Konde ecotype in an appropriate genetic improvement program 6 .…”