Profiling Weapon Use in Domestic Violence: Multilevel Analysis of Situational and Neighborhood Factors

What Conditions Affect Police Response Time? Examining Situational and Neighborhood Factors

“…Response time was quicker when a weapon was reportedly involved in the incident. The result is consistent with previous findings that weapon involvement in domestic violence cases is associated with police behavior (Lee et al., 2013b). The presence of a weapon escalates the seriousness of any incident (Smith, 1986).…”

“…The social movement for women’s rights during the late 1960s and 1970s reframed the societal perception of violence against women. Subsequently, the criminal justice system has enforced Draconian measures to promote specific and general deterrence of domestic violence (Melton, 1999; Lee, Zhang, & Hoover, 2013b). An example would be the nation-wide adoption of a mandatory arrest policy by law enforcement agencies during the 1980s (Johnson, 2007; Sherman, & Berk, 1984).…”

Neighborhood characteristics and auto theft: An empirical research from the social disorganization perspective

“…More specifically, Morenoff and Astor (2006) reported that areas with relatively high immigration concentration are not associated with crime. Other studies also found that the presence of immigrant groups are not related to significantly high crime rates (Sampson and Bean, 2006;Chavez and Griffiths, 2009;Lee et al, 2013). A few studies even reported that an increase in the number of immigrants is associated with a decrease in the violent crime rate (Stowell et al, 2009);Wadsworth, 2010).…”

Strengthening community-level understanding of and responses to intimate partner violence using geographic information systems (GIS)

“…Alcohol-related variables studied in previous research include the concentration of alcohol outlets (Alaniz et al, 1998), alcohol outlet density (Roman and Reid, 2012), and average alcohol consumption per week and binge drinking among neighborhood residents (Caetano et al, 2010). Criminal activity-related variables the previous researchers have examined include overall rates of criminal activity and murder (Beyer et al, 2013) and situational factors at the time of the IPV incident, such as location, time, and whether weapons were used (Lee et al, 2013). Neighborhood demographic variables examined in previous research include age (Caetano et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2013), the ethnic minority population (Beyer et al, 2013;Caetano et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2013;Van Wyk et al, 2003), female-headed households (Lee et al, 2013), and percentage of residents who are immigrants (Alaniz et al, 1998;Lee et al, 2013).…”

“…The presence of institutions has been examined by other researchers, specifically the presence of churches (Triplett et al, 2013). Finally, researchers also have examined residential characteristics of neighborhoods as they relate to IPV, including the percentage of owner-occupied homes (Lee et al, 2013), population density (Van Wyk et al, 2003), residential instability (Benson et al, 2003;Beyer et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2013), and urbanity versus rurality (Beyer et al, 2013;Bosch and Schumm, 2004;Dimah and Dimah, 2004;Grossman et al, 2005;Peek-Asa et al, 2011).…”