Profiling of volatile impurities in tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) for synthetic-route determination

Fraga, Carlos G.; Wahl, Jon H.; Núñez, Stefanie P.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.025

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…14,15 Analytical procedures for the determination of TETS in different matrices have been reported primarily in clinical samples, [16][17][18][19] for food, [20][21][22] and in samples for forensic purposes. 18,[22][23][24][25] Currently, there are no published methods for the determination of TETS in the drinking water matrix. TETS is water soluble 1 enabling its accidental or intentional introduction into drinking water and drinking water distribution systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis and stability of the rodenticide TETS (tetramine) in finished tap water

et al. 2014

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis and stability of the rodenticide TETS (tetramine) in finished tap water

et al. 2014

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“…The lethal dose of TETS in humans is similar to that in rodents (0.1 mg/kg) [ 34 ]. The total lethal dose for a human is approximately 10 mg with a reported fatality rate as high as 3.67% [ 35 , 36 ]. The toxicity of TETS in children is similar to adults.…”

Section: Routes Of Human Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine: A Health Risk Compound and a Potential Chemical Warfare Agent

Patočka

França

et al. 2018

Toxics

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Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS, tetramine) is a toxic organic compound that is used as an effective rodenticide. However, this neurotoxin is not only toxic to rodents, it also causes poisoning in humans. Due to its high level of toxicity for humans, the use of TETS as a rodenticide has been banned and its production has been discontinued. Despite this, human poisoning by this substance is unfortunately still very common. The largest number of poisonings are reported in China, but in the United States, dozens of poisonings still happen annually. TETS is one of the most hazardous pesticides and also a possible chemical warfare agent with no known antidote. In this article, we aim to summarize the biochemical and toxicological data of TETS and hope to cast some light on the toxicological risk to human health.

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“…In similar investigations with other highly toxic chemicals such as cyanides, , ammonium metavanadate, ricin, isopropyl bicyclophosphate, tetramine, , brodifacoum, and sarin, − several potential CAS, including trace impurities, have been identified. Specifically, trace impurities have been demonstrated as potential CAS indicative of a manufacturing facility, synthetic route, purification process, reaction solvent, reaction catalyst, lot, ,,,, and precursor stock …”

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confidence: 94%

Organic Chemical Attribution Signatures for the Sourcing of a Mustard Agent and Its Starting Materials

et al. 2016

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Chemical attribution signatures (CAS) are being investigated for the sourcing of chemical warfare (CW) agents and their starting materials that may be implicated in chemical attacks or CW proliferation. The work reported here demonstrates for the first time trace impurities from the synthesis of tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3) that point to the reagent and the specific reagent stocks used in the synthesis of this CW agent. Thirty batches of HN3 were synthesized using different combinations of commercial stocks of triethanolamine (TEA), thionyl chloride, chloroform, and acetone. The HN3 batches and reagent stocks were then analyzed for impurities by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All the reagent stocks had impurity profiles that differentiated them from one another. This was demonstrated by building classification models with partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and obtaining average stock classification errors of 2.4, 2.8, 2.8, and 11% by cross-validation for chloroform (7 stocks), thionyl chloride (3 stocks), acetone (7 stocks), and TEA (3 stocks), respectively, and 0% for a validation set of chloroform samples. In addition, some reagent impurities indicative of reagent type were found in the HN3 batches that were originally present in the reagent stocks and presumably not altered during synthesis. More intriguing, impurities in HN3 batches that were apparently produced by side reactions of impurities unique to specific TEA and chloroform stocks, and thus indicative of their use, were observed.

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Profiling of volatile impurities in tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) for synthetic-route determination

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Quantitative analysis and stability of the rodenticide TETS (tetramine) in finished tap water

Quantitative analysis and stability of the rodenticide TETS (tetramine) in finished tap water

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine: A Health Risk Compound and a Potential Chemical Warfare Agent

Organic Chemical Attribution Signatures for the Sourcing of a Mustard Agent and Its Starting Materials

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