Profiling of secondary metabolites in root exudates of Arabidopsis thaliana

Strehmel, Nadine; Böttcher, Christoph; Schmidt, Stephan; Scheel, Dierk

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.003

Cited by 190 publications

(179 citation statements)

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“…Detection of organic N compounds that efflux from wheat roots A variety of compounds and compound classes have been previously reported from root exudates (Dakora and Phillips 2002;Walker et al 2003;Badri and Vivanco 2009;Chaparro et al 2013;Strehmel et al 2014), and the present study adds to this literature by uncovering a large diversity of organic N compounds in root exudates of wheat. A total of 110 organic N compounds were detected of which 74 were positively identified, 29 were putatively identified and 7 could not be identified (Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…2 because data in Fig. 2 are for exudates collected after 7 h. Wheat plants that had been grown with 15 N were placed in the natural abundance exudate solution with efflux being estimated from the rate at which 15 N isotopologues appeared between samples collected at 1 min and 1 h, while uptake was determined from the rate at which (Fan et al 2001;Oburger et al 2014) and small peptides (Strehmel et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional challenge for understanding the role of efflux in organic N uptake is that we only have data on re-capture of amino acids, yet a broader suite of organic N compounds probably efflux from plants roots and could be re-captured. For example, root exudates have been reported to contain a wide variety of organic N compounds including amino acids, purines, nucleosides, peptides and quaternary ammonium compounds (Fan et al 2001;Dakora and Phillips 2002;Walker et al 2003;Badri and Vivanco 2009;Strehmel et al 2014), although with the excpetion of amino acids we do not yet have good quantitative data for these compound classes. Clearly, more experimentation is needed to resolve the issue of which organic N compounds efflux from roots and if they can be re-captured at the low concentrations that occur in exudates.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Wheat roots efflux a diverse array of organic N compounds and are highly proficient at their recapture

Warren

2015

Plant Soil

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Background & aims Small organic N compounds could contribute to N nutrition, but an alternative view is that root uptake may serve to recapture compounds that efflux out of roots. However, it is unclear if plants can recapture leaked organic N compounds because no studies have examined quantitative relationships between efflux and uptake at sub-micromolar concentrations. Methods This study examines efflux and uptake of a broad suite of small organic N compounds by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).15 N-labeling and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry were used to estimate efflux and uptake. Results One hundred and ten organic N compounds were detected in exudates. Amino acids were abundant but accounted for less than half of organic N. Other abundant compound classes were amines and polyamines, quaternary ammonium compounds, nucleobases and nucleosides. Uptake occurred simultaneously with efflux for all 45 compounds for which rates of efflux could be reliably determined, even though concentrations were 0.01 to 0.5 μM.Conclusions These findings indicate that wheat is highly proficient at recapturing much of the diverse array of organic N compounds in root exudates. The ability to salvage effluxed compounds present at very low concentrations means that wheat might also be able to take up organic N compounds from the soil solution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Wheat roots efflux a diverse array of organic N compounds and are highly proficient at their recapture

Warren

2015

Plant Soil

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“…From these results the root elongation zone seems to be a very special hotspot in the initial interaction of roots and microbes. Some of this may result from this region's being a major site of exudation, and such rapid accumulation of bacteria at the root elongation zone must require chemotaxis of motile bacteria to plant metabolites (8). Given the broad range of metabolites secreted by Arabidopsis thaliana roots it is not possible to say whether this is a reaction to a specific metabolite or to multiple metabolites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shining a light on the dark world of plant root–microbe interactions

Poole

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…2A; Song et al, 2015). Due to our previous experience with identification of signal molecules from root exudate, we hypothesized that BTH treatment induces the plant to secrete large amounts of SA from roots (Badri and Vivanco, 2009;Strehmel et al, 2014;Song et al, 2015). The measurement of SA levels in root exudates demonstrated that SA levels in BTH-treated plant root exudates were 7Á6-fold higher than those in the control group (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Root-mediated signal transmission of systemic acquired resistance against above-ground and below-ground pathogens

Song

Sim

Kim

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Plants modulate defence signalling networks in response to various biotic stresses via inter-organ communications. The root-mediated transmission of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against soilborne and air-borne plant pathogens from SAR-induced plants to neighbouring plants subjected to local chemical and pathogen treatments was evaluated.Methods The first two plants out of ten Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings were pre-treated with the SARtriggering chemical benzothiadiazole (BTH). All ten seedlings were then challenged with two pathogenic bacteria, i.e. the root (bacterial wilt) pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and the leaf (wildfire) pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, at 7 d after SAR induction.Key Results Disease severity was noticeably lower in BTH-pre-treated plants than in the control. Surprisingly, two plants located next to BTH-treated plants exhibited reduced disease symptoms indicating that SAR signal transmission occurred through the root system. Determinant(s) secreted from the root system were search for and it was found that salicylic acid (SA) is a major molecule involved in SAR transmission through the root. Analysis of the expression of the defence-related genes N. benthamiana pathogenesis-related gene 1a (NbPR1a) and NbPR2 confirmed that BTH treatment elicited SAR via root-root transmission between plants. Plants with knock-down of the multiple resistance component SGT1 and SA biosynthesis-related gene ICS1 by Tobacco rattle virus-mediated virus-induced gene silencing exhibited a lack of root-mediated SAR transmission. The biological relevance of this finding was validated by challenge with the SAR-inducing avirulent pathogen P. syringae pv. syringae instead of BTH, which produced similar results.Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that SAR is transmissible through the root system from SAR-triggered plants to neighbouring plants.

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Profiling of secondary metabolites in root exudates of Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 190 publications

References 68 publications

Wheat roots efflux a diverse array of organic N compounds and are highly proficient at their recapture

Wheat roots efflux a diverse array of organic N compounds and are highly proficient at their recapture

Shining a light on the dark world of plant root–microbe interactions

Root-mediated signal transmission of systemic acquired resistance against above-ground and below-ground pathogens

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