Profiling of mineral elements and heavy metals in argan leaves and fruit by-products using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry

Ibourki, Mohamed; Gharby, Saïd; Guillaume, Dominique; Sakar, El Hassan; Laknifli, Abdellatif; Hammadi, Abdellatif El; Charrouf, Zoubida

doi:10.1016/j.cdc.2021.100772

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Considerable variations were observed for all elements as a function of geographic origin. This was consistent with what was previously reported by other authors for various plants and plant foods (Faez et al, 2013;Ibourki et al, 2021aIbourki et al, , 2021bIbourki et al, , 2022. These variations could be explained by the diversity of the mineral composition of soils for each origin, ecological factors, agronomic practices, water source, irrigation practices and also fertilizer component (Simsek et al, 2018) as well as the ripening stage (Schirra et al, 1994;Yada et al, 2013).…”

Section: Mineral Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Physical fruit traits, proximate composition, fatty acid and elemental profiling of almond [Prunus dulcis Mill. DA Webb] kernels from ten genotypes grown in southern Morocco

Ibourki

Bouzid

Bijla

et al. 2022

OCL

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This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate physical fruit traits, proximate composition, elemental content, and fatty acid profiling of almond kernels from ten genotypes (sweet and bitter) grown under various agro-ecological conditions (Tafraout, Igherm, Taliouine, Tiznit and Essaouira) in southern Morocco. During the ripening stage, samples (almond kernels) belonging to these genotypes were subjected to physical fruits measurements (weight, length, width, and thickness). Proximate composition determination (crude protein, crude oil, ash and moisture) was carried out on the powder of kernels for each genotype. Carbohydrates as well as energy value were calculated. Elemental profiling of almond kernels consisted of ten macro and microelements was determined as well as the fatty acids composition of almond extracted oil. The results of this study showed wide variations among the investigated genotypes in terms of crude protein (17.14 ± 2.14 to 25.12 ± 1.23 g/100 g), oil content (51.12 ± 2.99 to 56.26 ± 3.22 g/100 g), ash content (5.11 ± 0.45 to 6.79 ± 0.52 g/100 g), moisture content (2.55 ± 0.38 to 4.34 ± 1.16 g/100 g), carbohydrates (13.34 ± 1.54 to 18.59 ± 2.22 g/100 g) and energy value (549.80 ± 37.04 to 591.03 ± 38.56 kcal/100 g DM). A similar trend was observed in the case of mineral profiling. K (9796.08 ± 793.49 to 14 197.84 ± 1150.03 mg/kg) was the major mineral in all genotypes. This was followed by P (8190.75 ± 663.46 to 11 061.68 ± 895.96 mg/kg), Ca (3067.53 ± 248.47 to 5404.93 ± 437.79 mg/kg) and Mg (4002.85 ± 324.22 to 5101.72 ± 413.23 mg/kg), while Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and B were detected in small quantities. Our results revealed six fatty acids with a dominance of oleic acid, which varied widely among the studied genotypes and extraction technique. Solvent extraction performed better in terms of oil content. The studied genotypes showed a great pomological potential that could be exploited for their fruits such as for breeding purposes.

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Section: Mineral Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Physical fruit traits, proximate composition, fatty acid and elemental profiling of almond [Prunus dulcis Mill. DA Webb] kernels from ten genotypes grown in southern Morocco

Ibourki

Bouzid

Bijla

et al. 2022

OCL

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“…Oilseeds are a valuable source of mineral elements. In general, the intake of minerals in appropriate amounts is necessary for a vital life in humans [ 25 ]. Furthermore, the maintenance of dietary mineral homeostasis in the human body is very crucial, as they are involved in several mechanisms in basic biological processes [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate Composition, Physicochemical, and Lipids Profiling and Elemental Profiling of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Grown in Morocco

Gagour

Ahmed

Bouzid

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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We investigate and compare the nutritional and physicochemical properties of rapeseed and sunflower grown in Morocco. In order to examine a complete physicochemical characterization, various parameters such as mineral profile, fatty acid composition, sterols contents, total flavonoids content (TFC), total polyphenols content (TPC), and quality oil parameters were evaluated. The results showed a relatively small difference in the physicochemical composition of the seeds, as sunflower seeds recorded higher amounts of protein and oil content (22.98 ± 0.01 g/100 g and 41.30 ± 0.50 g/100 g) than rapeseed (22.98 ± 0.01 and 38.80 ± 0.50), while mineral elements profile was observed to be statistically different. Nevertheless, both seeds were rich in K, Ca, P, Mg, and Na and they were relatively poor in Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. The most represented macroelement was K with the amount of 7936.53 ± 63.87 mg/Kg in rapeseed and 7739.22 ± 59.50 mg/Kg in sunflower. On the other hand, Cu was present in the analyzed samples the least, mostly below 20 mg/kg. For TPC and TFC, the sunflower recorded higher values (49.73 ± 0.50 and 25.37 ± 0.39 mg GAE/g) than rapeseed (38.49 ± 0.24 and 22.55 ± 1.76 mg QE/g). The fatty acid composition showed that both extracted oils have beneficial proprieties, as they are rich in unsaturated fatty acids; namely, rapeseed oil contains a high level of oleic acid (C18 : 1) (62.19%), while sunflower oil was richer in linoleic acid (C18 : 2) (55.7%). As a result, we conclude that the studied varieties have major importance in terms of both nutritional and seed improvement potentials.

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“…In addition, quantification of tocopherols (53,73), hydrocarbons (74), ferulic acid (75), triglyceride (76), and stigmasta-3,5-diene has been reported. Dosage of trace elements is suggested as another analytical method for the assessment of argan oil adulteration (13,14,77). Other authors have used the content of unsaponifiable matter to detect the adulteration of argan oil by mineral oil (4).…”

Section: Determination Of Virgin Argan Oil Adulterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the argan tree has multiple uses. Its leaves, fruits, and oil are a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with nutritional, cosmetic, and economic benefits (12,13). In this chapter, the chemical composition of argan oil along with its nutritional and cosmetic benefits will be discussed.…”

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Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control

Gharby

Charrouf

2022

Front. Nutr.

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Argan oil is considered a relatively international product exported from Morocco, although different companies in Europe and North America distribute argan oil around the globe. Argan oil is non-refined vegetable oil, of the more well-known “virgin oil” type, is produced from the argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels]. The argan tree is deemed to be an important forest species from both social and economic standpoints. Argan oil has rapidly emerged as an important product able to bring more income to the local population. In addition, it also has important environmental implications, owing to its ability to stand against desert progression. Currently, argan oil is mainly produced by women's cooperatives in Morocco using a semi-industrial mechanical extraction process. This allows the production of high-quality argan oil. Depending on the method used to prepare argan kernels, two types of argan oil can be obtained: food or cosmetic grade. Cosmetic argan oil is prepared from unroasted kernels, whereas food argan oil is achieved by cold pressing kernels roasted for a few minutes. Previously, the same food argan oil was prepared exclusively by women according to a laborious ancestral process. Extraction technology has been evolved to obtain high-quality argan oil at a large scale. The extraction process and several accompanying parameters can influence the quality, stability, and purity of argan oil. In view of this, the present review discusses different aspects related to argan oil chemical composition along with its nutritional and cosmetic values. Similarly, it details different processes used to prepare argan oil, as well as its quality control, oxidative stability, and authenticity assessment.

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Profiling of mineral elements and heavy metals in argan leaves and fruit by-products using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Physical fruit traits, proximate composition, fatty acid and elemental profiling of almond [Prunus dulcis Mill. DA Webb] kernels from ten genotypes grown in southern Morocco

Physical fruit traits, proximate composition, fatty acid and elemental profiling of almond [Prunus dulcis Mill. DA Webb] kernels from ten genotypes grown in southern Morocco

Proximate Composition, Physicochemical, and Lipids Profiling and Elemental Profiling of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Grown in Morocco

Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control

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