Groundwater
co-contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane
(TCA), and trichloroethene (TCE) is among the most urgent environmental
concerns of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), and industries related to chlorinated solvents.
Inspired by the pressing need to remove all three contaminants at
many sites, we tested a synergistic platform: catalytic reduction
of 1,1,1-TCA and TCE to ethane in a H2-based membrane palladium-film
reactor (H2-MPfR), followed by aerobic biodegradation of
ethane and 1,4-dioxane in an O2-based membrane biofilm
reactor (O2-MBfR). During 130 days of continuous operation,
1,1,1-TCA and TCE were 95–98% reductively dechlorinated to
ethane in the H2-MPfR, and ethane served as the endogenous
primary electron donor for promoting 98.5% aerobic biodegradation
of 1,4-dioxane in the O2-MBfR. In addition, the small concentrations
of the chlorinated intermediate from the H2-MPfR, dichloroethane
(DCA) and monochloroethane (MCA), were fully biodegraded through aerobic
biodegradation in the O2-MBfR. The biofilms in the O2-MBfR were enriched in phylotypes closely related to the genera Pseudonocardia known to biodegrade 1,4-dioxane.