Profiling gene expression in citrus fruit calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) treated with ethylene

Cheng, Chunzhen; Zhang, Lingyun; Yang, Xiaohong; Zhong, Guoqiang

doi:10.1007/s00438-015-1054-2

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In other words, our data was consistent with mature citrus fruit abscission, which commenced with the activation of ethylene signal transduction pathway that led to the activation of ethylene-responsive transcription factors and the subsequent transcriptional regulation of a large set of ethylene responsive genes14. In soybean, ETH treatment significantly increased the abscission rate of flowers and pods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

High-resolution transcript profiling reveals shoot abscission process of spruce dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium sichuanense in response to ethephon

Wang

Xiong

Jiang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Arceuthobium (dwarf mistletoes) are hemiparasites that may cause great damage to infected trees belonging to Pinaceae and Cupressaceae. Currently, dwarf mistletoe control involves the use of the ethylene-producing product ethephon (ETH), which acts by inducing dwarf mistletoe shoot abscission. However, the process by which ETH functions is mostly unknown. Therefore, the transcriptome of the ETH-exposed plants was compared to non-exposed controls to identify genes associated with the response to ethephon. In this study, the reference transcriptome was contained 120,316 annotated unigenes, with a total of 21,764 ETH-responsive differentially expressed unigenes were identified. These ETH-associated genes clustered into 20 distinctly expressed pattern groups, providing a view of molecular events with good spatial and temporal resolution. As expected, the greatest number of unigenes with changed expression were observed at the onset of abscission, suggesting induction by ethylene. ETH also affected genes associated with shoot abscission processes including hormone biosynthesis and signaling, cell wall hydrolysis and modification, lipid transference, and more. The comprehensive transcriptome data set provides a wealth of genomic resources for dwarf mistletoe communities and contributes to a better understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism of ethylene-caused shoots abscission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

High-resolution transcript profiling reveals shoot abscission process of spruce dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium sichuanense in response to ethephon

Wang

Xiong

Jiang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…In citrus, it has been demonstrated that the shortage in carbohydrates triggers the abscission of fruitlets (June drop) through increasing the level of ethylene produced in fruit (G omez-Cadenas et al, 2000). By using exogenously applied ethylene and ethylene action inhibitor, a number of studies have provided evidence that, for healthy sweet orange trees, ethylene-induced abscission of mature fruit also involves up-regulation of the activity of hydrolytic enzymes as well as the expression of genes encoding these enzymes, including cellulase, PG, PL, PME, and members of the EXP transcription family (Burns and Lewandowski, 2000;Cheng et al, 2015;Goren and Huberman, 1976;Merelo et al, 2017). The results of this research demonstrated that ethylene biosynthesis genes ACS and ACO were not differentially expressed in any tissues of loose fruit compared with tight fruit, except for greater transcript levels of peel ACS and AZ-C ACO in loose fruit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequences were obtained from GenBank and Reference Sequences databases [National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2018b]. To determine the involvement of ethylene in HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop, the C. sinensis genes encoding enzymes catalyzing the ratelimiting steps for ethylene biosynthesis, ACS, and ACO (Liao and Burns, 2012), and an ERF1 (Cheng et al, 2015) were analyzed in AZ-C, peels, and leaves. Cellulase6 (CEL6), polygalacturonase 20 (PG20), pectate lyase5 (PL5), and EXP10 were selected to be analyzed in AZ-C because their expressions were correlated with the abscission process in ethylene-treated healthy sweet orange (Cheng et al, 2015;Merelo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the involvement of ethylene in HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop, the C. sinensis genes encoding enzymes catalyzing the ratelimiting steps for ethylene biosynthesis, ACS, and ACO (Liao and Burns, 2012), and an ERF1 (Cheng et al, 2015) were analyzed in AZ-C, peels, and leaves. Cellulase6 (CEL6), polygalacturonase 20 (PG20), pectate lyase5 (PL5), and EXP10 were selected to be analyzed in AZ-C because their expressions were correlated with the abscission process in ethylene-treated healthy sweet orange (Cheng et al, 2015;Merelo et al, 2017). The expressions of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, including SB1, which encodes glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase for starch biosynthesis and was down-regulated in the vascular tissue at the AZ-C and fruit flavedo due to HLB infection in 'Hamlin' and 'Valencia' sweet orange (Li et al, 2003a;Liao and Burns, 2012), and sucrose synthase1 (SUS1), which was up-regulated in leaves of 'Murcott' mandarin (Citrus reticulata) in response to girdling (Li et al, 2003a(Li et al, , 2003b, were analyzed in peels and leaves.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For healthy 'Valencia' sweet orange and 'Washington' navel orange (C. sinensis), exogenously applied ethylene and its precursor ACC induced abscission of mature fruit (Malladi and Burns, 2008;Merelo et al, 2017;Yuan et al, 2005). In addition, at the calyx AZ (AZ-C), where mature fruit abscission occurs, ERF1, the gene encoding an ethylene-responsive factor that acts as a transcription factor at the downstream of ethylene signaling pathway, was up-regulated at 4 and 24 h after the ethylene treatment, followed by up-regulation of the cell wall hydrolytic genes at 24 h after treatment compared with the untreated control in healthy 'Olinda' sweet orange (Cheng et al, 2015), suggesting the involvement of ethylene in the regulation of fruit abscission in citrus. Nevertheless, the role of ethylene in HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop remains to be determined.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Preharvest Fruit Drop in Huanglongbing-affected ‘Valencia’ Sweet Orange

Tang¹,

Chhajed²,

Vashisth³

2019

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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For field-grown ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) affected by Huanglongbing [HLB (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas)], trees that displayed more severe HLB symptoms (severe trees) had 74% fruit drop before harvest; however, the drop rate for less symptomatic trees (mild trees) was 45%. For mature fruit (3 weeks before harvest) still attached to the branches, 60% of them from severe trees were “loose fruit” [fruit detachment force (FT) < 6 kgf]. In contrast, only 13% of the attached fruit from the mild trees were loose. Overall, fresh weight and size of loose fruit were lower than “tight fruit” (FT > 6 kgf). Irrespective of the symptom levels of trees, the concentrations of glucose, fructose, and inositol in juice of loose fruit were the same or larger than those of tight fruit, suggesting that the shortage of carbohydrates is not the dominant cause of HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop. Expression levels of the cell wall modification genes encoding cellulase (endo-1,4-β-glucanase), polygalacturonase, and pectate lyase were greater in the calyx abscission zones of loose fruit compared to tight fruit, indicating that cell separation was occurring in the former at the time of collection. No differences in the expression levels of genes encoding the ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, including 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO), and an ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1) were observed in tissues of loose and tight fruit. Interestingly, ACS, ACO, and EFR1 expressions were lower in calyx abscission zones and in leaves of the severe trees compared with those of mild trees, suggesting an ostensible, HLB-dependent reduction in ethylene biosynthesis and/or signaling close to harvest time. However, the role of ethylene in HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop remains to be determined. The results leave open the possibility of early ethylene production and action before the initiation of fruit abscission.

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Diversity and Functional Dynamics of Fleshy Fruit Abscission Zones

Tranbarger

Tadeo

2020

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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We examine the current knowledge about the abscission of fleshy fruit, in particular with regards to the development and function of the abscission zone (AZ). While tomato is currently the main model species to elucidate the mechanisms of fleshy fruit abscission, most studies on tomato focus on the development and function of the pedicel AZ, which is involved in both flower and ripe fruit abscission. However, the localization of the AZ within the pedicel is not the most common location of the AZ for fleshy fruit. Fleshy fruit can have one or more AZ, which can be found in different locations within the inflorescence and fruiting structure and fulfil different functions. In fact, most of the fleshy fruit species examined thus far have more than one AZ, which can be found at the boundary between the fruit and pedicel (often referred to as the calyx AZ), within the pedicel as with tomato, at the juncture of the pedicel and peduncle or at the juncture between peduncle and shoot/branch. In addition, the different AZs may be activated or function at different stages of development, under different environmental conditions, or have a completely different purpose, such as the abscission of fruitlets or mature fruit. Together, our current knowledge about AZs suggests that while there are similarities between different AZs in different locations or from different species, not all AZs are created equal, which may be reflected in the underlying molecular mechanisms that control their development and function.

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Profiling gene expression in citrus fruit calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) treated with ethylene

Cited by 31 publications

References 83 publications

High-resolution transcript profiling reveals shoot abscission process of spruce dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium sichuanense in response to ethephon

High-resolution transcript profiling reveals shoot abscission process of spruce dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium sichuanense in response to ethephon

Preharvest Fruit Drop in Huanglongbing-affected ‘Valencia’ Sweet Orange

Diversity and Functional Dynamics of Fleshy Fruit Abscission Zones

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