Profiling gangliosides from milk products and other biological membranes using LC/MS

Rivas-Serna, Irma Magaly; Polakowski, Robert; Shoemaker, Glen K.; Mazurak, Vera C.; Clandinin, Michael T.

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2015.06.006

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Starting from GalCer (GA4), the model predicts three downstream products, GM4, GD4, and GT4, through the sequential action of ST3Gal-V (4) and two applications of the enzyme ST8Sia-I (5). These structures have previously been observed in bovine milk [27]. The 0-series gangliosides produced, in addition to asialo-gangliosides, the sialylated forms GM1, GD1, and GT1, along with their α2-,6-sialylated counterparts, GD1α, GT1α, and GQ1α.…”

Section: Network and Knockoutssupporting

confidence: 67%

Simulating the enzymes of ganglioside biosynthesis with Glycologue

McDonald¹,

Davey²

2021

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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Gangliosides are an important class of sialylated glycosphingolipids linked to ceramide that are a component of the mammalian cell surface, especially those of the central nervous system, where they function in intercellular recognition and communication. We describe an in silico method for determining the metabolic pathways leading to the most common gangliosides, based on the known enzymes of their biosynthesis. A network of 41 glycolipids is produced by the actions of the 10 enzymes included in the model. The different ganglioside nomenclature systems in common use are compared and a systematic variant of the widely used Svennerholm nomenclature is described. Knockouts of specific enzyme activities are used to simulate congenital defects in ganglioside biosynthesis, and altered ganglioside status in cancer, and the effects on network structure are predicted. The simulator is available at the Glycologue website, https://glycologue.org/.

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Section: Network and Knockoutssupporting

confidence: 67%

Simulating the enzymes of ganglioside biosynthesis with Glycologue

McDonald¹,

Davey²

2021

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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“…The major sphingolipids in dairy products are GluCer, LacCer, and SM. Gangliosides are also present in dairy product in low concentrations (0.14–1.10 mg/100 mL) [ 174 , 175 ]. Lysophospholipids and PA are generally not present in dairy samples and occur due to the enzymatic activity of phospholipases [ 3 ].…”

Section: Phospholipids Of Animal Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

2017

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In this review paper, the latest literature on the functional properties of phospholipids in relation to inflammation and inflammation-related disorders has been critically appraised and evaluated. The paper is divided into three sections: Section 1 presents an overview of the relationship between structures and biological activities (pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory) of several phospholipids with respect to inflammation. Section 2 and Section 3 are dedicated to the structures, functions, compositions and anti-inflammatory properties of dietary phospholipids from animal and marine sources. Most of the dietary phospholipids of animal origin come from meat, egg and dairy products. To date, there is very limited work published on meat phospholipids, undoubtedly due to the negative perception that meat consumption is an unhealthy option because of its putative associations with several chronic diseases. These assumptions are addressed with respect to the phospholipid composition of meat products. Recent research trends indicate that dairy phospholipids possess anti-inflammatory properties, which has led to an increased interest into their molecular structures and reputed health benefits. Finally, the structural composition of phospholipids of marine origin is discussed. Extensive research has been published in relation to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and inflammation, however this research has recently come under scrutiny and has proved to be unreliable and controversial in terms of the therapeutic effects of ω-3 PUFA, which are generally in the form of triglycerides and esters. Therefore, this review focuses on recent publications concerning marine phospholipids and their structural composition and related health benefits. Finally, the strong nutritional value of dietary phospholipids are highlighted with respect to marine and animal origin and avenues for future research are discussed.

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“…The high ganglioside intervention meal consisted of 23 g ganglioside-enriched milk powder (SureStart TM MFGM Lipid 100 [485 mg gangliosides/100 g powder], supplied by Fonterra Co-operative Group, Palmerston North, New Zealand), reconstituted with 200 mL of water to deliver 112 mg gangliosides per meal (98% GD3 and 2% GM3 [analyzed by Fonterra Co-operative Group]). To put this in context, daily intake of gangliosides by a healthy Canadian population who consumed egg, tuna, beef, milk and milk products (yoghurt and cheese) was estimated at <200 mg/day per 2000 kcal diet [12,13]. The low ganglioside intervention meal consisted of 200 mL of soy milk (VitaSoy Soy Milky), devoid of gangliosides and the most nutritionally comparable to bovine milk.…”

Section: Assessment Of Dietary Intake Dietary Intervention and Low Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring In Vivo Dynamics of Bovine Milk Derived Gangliosides

et al. 2020

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Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids present in mammalian cell membranes, playing important structural and functional roles. Human studies on the health benefits of gangliosides are increasing, but knowledge gaps regarding ganglioside analysis exist. The study aimed to investigate blood sample type (serum/plasma), storage conditions, diurnal, day-to-day variation and acute effects of consuming bovine-derived gangliosides on circulating monosialylated gangliosides. Seventy-one women (18-40 yrs, 20-≤30.0 kg/m 2 ) were enrolled and 61 completed the intervention. They visited the clinic three times following overnight fasting. Serum/plasma gangliosides were analyzed over 2 h (visit-1), 8 h (visit-2) and 8 h following either zero or high ganglioside meals (visit-3). Samples stored at −20 • C and −70 • C were analyzed at 3-, 6-, 12-and 18-months. Plasma and serum GM3-gangliosides did not differ, plasma GM3 did not change diurnally, from day-to-day, in response to a high vs. low ganglioside meal or after 7-days low ganglioside vs. habitual diet (P > 0.05). GM3 concentrations were lower in samples stored at −70 • C vs. −20 • C from 6-months onwards and decreased over time with lowest levels at 12-and 18-months stored at −70 • C. In conclusion, either serum/plasma stored at −20or −70 • C for up to 6 months, are acceptable for GM3-ganglioside analysis. Blood samples can be collected at any time of the day and participants do not have to be in the fasted state.Nutrients 2020, 12, 711 2 of 18 neural cell membranes, comprising 10% of the total lipid mass in brain [5]. From their positioning in membrane microdomains, including lipid rafts and caveolae, they play important structural and functional roles and have been implicated in regulating cell-cell interactions and modulating signal transduction [5]. Ganglioside profiles differ significantly between tissues and stages of development [6]. The role of each individual ganglioside is not yet clarified but it is generally assumed that gangliosides play important roles within the tissues they appear. Gangliosides are consumed in the form of GM3 and GD3 which reaches the intestinal tract mostly intact [4]. Once absorbed in the intestine, they may be remodeled in enterocytes inducing changes in total membrane ganglioside content [6]. GM3 and GD3 are the dominant gangliosides in gut tissue while GM3 is the dominant ganglioside in the circulation of humans [6] and favored for placental transfer [4]. The major gangliosides in the brain are GM1, GD1a, DG1b and GT1b (representing >90% of gangliosides) [7]. A growing body of scientific evidence is emerging linking dietary gangliosides to a variety of bioactivities such as neurological development, intestinal maturation, intestinal immunity development and gut-barrier function [1,4,[8][9][10].However, despite an increase in research activity demonstrating the health benefits of dietary gangliosides, key knowledge gaps, important for designing robust human clinical studies, exist that limit their application and utilization. These methodolo...

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Profiling gangliosides from milk products and other biological membranes using LC/MS

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Simulating the enzymes of ganglioside biosynthesis with Glycologue

Simulating the enzymes of ganglioside biosynthesis with Glycologue

Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Exploring In Vivo Dynamics of Bovine Milk Derived Gangliosides

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