Profiling and Role of Bioactive Molecules from Puntius sophore (Freshwater/Brackish Fish) Skin Mucus with Its Potent Antibacterial, Antiadhesion, and Antibiofilm Activities

Abstract

Epidermal fish mucus comprises of diverse bioactive metabolites which plays an immense role in defense mechanisms and other important cellular activities. Primarily, this study aims to screen the unexplored mucus extract of Puntius sophore (P. sophore) for its antagonistic potential against common pathogens, which are commonly implicated in foodborne and healthcare associated infections, with effects on their adhesion and biofilm formation. Profiling of the skin mucus was carried out by High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HR-LCMS), followed by antibacterial activity and assessment of antibiofilm potency and efficacy on the development, formation, and texture of biofilms. Furthermore, bacterial cell damage, viability within the biofilm, checkerboard test, and cytotoxicity were also evaluated. As a result, P. sophore mucus extract was found to be effective against all tested strains. It also impedes the architecture of biofilm matrix by affecting the viability and integrity of bacterial cells within biofilms and reducing the total exopolysaccharide content. A synergy was observed between P. sophore mucus extract and gentamicin for Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), whereas, an additive effect for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Thus, our findings represent the potent bioactivities of P. sophore mucus extract for the first time, which could be explored further as an alternative to antibiotics or chemically synthesized antibiofilm agents.

Chemically and Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Alter Key Immunological Molecules in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Skin Mucus

“…It serves as a major immunological barrier and is considered the first line of defense against pathogens and other imminent stressors [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In addition, mucus, the glycopolymers secretion covering the mucosa, harbors a variety of antibacterial components, including proteins and enzymes, such as lysozyme and proteolytic enzymes, immunoglobulins, complement proteins, lectins, and C-reactive proteins [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Several literature data have addressed the ZnO-NPs toxicity following waterborne exposure to various aquatic organisms [ 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses

“…Medicinal plants are known to produce innumerable bioactive metabolites with different pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-malarial, anti-hypertension, anti-ageing, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-osteoporotic, hepato-protective, immunomodulator, etc. [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Many are known to have proven antiviral effects with the ability to inhibit viral replication, and can cure various types of viral infections [ 13 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Ilimaquinone (marine sponge metabolite) as a novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 key target proteins in comparison with suggested COVID-19 drugs: designing, docking and molecular dynamics simulation study

“…Nature has always been considered as the prime source for the discovery of unique and new bioactive compounds, which helps in combatting various diseases and infections. 3,4 Marine sponges are known to produce innumerable metabolic substances with different pharmacological properties. Ilimaquinone is a marine sponge metabolite which was rstly iden-tied and isolated from the bristly yellow, orange, or brown sponge named Hippospongia metachromia in 1979.…”