Profiling a Spectrum of Mental Job Demands and their Linkages to Employee Outcomes

Abstract

Substance abuse, conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are all known risk factors for developing aggressive behaviors, criminality, other psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders (SUD). Since early age of onset is important for aggravating the impact of several of these risk factors, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether young adult violent offenders with different patterns of early onset externalizing problems (here: substance use < age 15, ADHD, CD) had resulted in different criminality profiles, substance use problem profiles and psychiatric comorbidity in young adult age. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a variable-oriented approach (with Kruskal Wallis tests) and a person-oriented approach (with Configural frequency analysis). Overall, this combined approach indicated that persons with combined ADHD+CD and persons with CD + early onset of substance use had a more varied history of violent crimes, a more comprehensive history of aggressive behaviors in general, and more psychiatric comorbidity, as well as more varied SUD and destructive substance abuse in adult age, than persons without ADHD, CD or early SU. Results are in line with previous variable-oriented research, but also indicate that individuals in this group with heavy problem aggregation early in life have a wider spectrum of problems in young adult age. Importantly, among these young violent offenders, problem aggregation was the overwhelming norm, and not the exception, as in studies of the general population. This emphasizes the need for early coordinated interventions, but also that treatment within correctional facilities in adult age needs to be comprehensive and take individual patterns of comorbidity into account.

Profils d’apprenti·e·s reflétant des tensions de rôle en formation professionnelle en alternance en Suisse

“…Comme indiqué auparavant, les tensions de rôle étant considérées des demandes professionnelles, elles peuvent refléter d'autres aspects problématiques du contexte organisationnel tels que le burnout ou la volonté de quitter l'entreprise (Mauno & Minkkinen, 2020). En ce sens, si un individu expérimente de manière prolongée des tensions de rôle au travail, il aura tendance à vouloir chercher des solutions pour faire face à de telles expériences négatives.…”

Authentic leadership and personal and job demands/resources: A person-centered approach and links with work-related subjective well-being

“…Since Carayon´s (1994) pioneering study, which used cluster analysis as a technique, there have been many proposals from a person-centered approach, but with more sophisticated techniques, such as LPA or factor mixture modeling (Spurk et al, 2020), that analyze combinations of job and personal demands and resources, even if only partially. Studies have focused on job resources (Mäkikangas et al, 2016), job demands (Jenull & Wiedermann, 2013;Mauno & Minkkinen, 2020;Mayerl et al, 2017), or both but without including personal resources (Biétry & Creusier, 2017;De Spiegelaere et al, 2017;Fan et al, 2019;Gameiro et al, 2020). There is a dearth of studies including personal resources along with job demands and resources (Lee & Cho, 2020;Moeller et al, 2018;Radey & Wilke, 2021), none including personal demands.…”