Profiles of the Patients and Their Referral Patterns Visiting the Psychiatry Clinic of a General Hospital Setting Located in a Mental Health Resource Deficient Region of India: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

Objectives Treatment for mental health problems is determined by cultural, health infrastructure, and illness-related factors. Literature is sparse from India, particularly from the mental health resources-deficient regions of the country such as central India. Therefore, the current study is aimed at assessing the profile of the patients visiting the psychiatry outpatient facility (OPF) of a tertiary-care general hospital setting (GHS), their referral patterns, and their determinants. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review of the newly registered individuals (October 2019 to March 2020) in the psychiatry OPF of the GHS from Central India was used in the study. Data (sociodemographic profiles, illness characteristics, and referral patterns) were extracted as per the standard guidelines. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to represent sociodemographic, illness-, and past treatment-related characteristics of the participants. Chi-squared test was used to compare the referral characteristics of the two groups (self-referred patients vs. those referred by others, dependent variable) with regard to characteristics of the patients (independent variables). Results A total of 418 individuals were registered in the clinic. Most individuals suffered from the neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform group of disorders (n = 231, 39.5%). More than halves were self-referred; most were referred from the internal medicine and allied departments. Being male, having at least graduate degree (χ2df(1) = 4.25 to 6.79, p < 0.05), suffering from organic mental-, psychotic-, and recurrent affective-disorders, and positive family history (χ2df(1) = 4.91 to 21.76, p < 0.05 to <0.001) along with first treatment attempt or previous treatment from the traditional healers, and absence of co-occurring medical illness were associated with self-referral (vs. referred by others) (χ2df(1) = 4.64 to 17.6, p < 0.05 to <0.001). Conclusions GHS has a characteristic referral pattern. The referral patterns of the patients for various psychiatric problems are determined by their sociodemographic, illness, and cultural characteristics; particularly, poor mental health literacy (among the patients-caregivers), stigma related to mental disorders, and unavailability of the mental health services act as major determinants. Sensitizing the patients-caregivers and health-care professionals concerning this could facilitate an early engagement with the psychiatric treatment. Future research needs to explore this phenomenon in greater detail, maybe by qualitative methods.

Evidence of factors influencing delays in the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in adolescents and young adults. Protocol for a systematic scoping review

“…These findings were comparable to the ones reported in 1992, suggesting a lack of improvement in early identification and early intervention for almost a decade. Findings from other countries including Japan [4], Nepal [5], India [6], Singapore [7], China [8], Bangladesh [9], Ethiopia [10], Australia [11] also showed significant delay between the onset of symptoms until receiving the diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment.…”