Profiles of second victim symptoms and desired support strategies among Korean nurses: A latent profile analysis

Abstract

Aims To clarify second victim symptoms subgroups, explore the factors affecting profile membership and determine how desired support strategies differ between the subgroups. Design A cross‐sectional study using an online survey. Methods A total of 378 Korean staff nurses directly involved in patient safety incidents were recruited between December 2019 and February 2020. Data analyses consisted of latent profile analysis, multinomial logistic regression and analysis of variance. Results Three latent profiles were identified: 'mild symptoms', 'moderate symptoms' and 'severe symptoms'. Lower organizational support and higher non‐work‐related support were more likely to belong to the severe symptoms' profile. Incidents that caused temporary harm to the patient were more strongly associated with an increased likelihood of belonging to the moderate and severe symptoms profiles than no‐harm events. Participants with severe symptoms agreed more with the usefulness of the support strategies than other participants; the usefulness of the psychological support strategies was rated particularly high. Participants in the mild and moderate symptoms groups agreed more strongly with the usefulness of coping strategies following patient safety incidents than psychological support. The strategy that all profiles considered the most useful was having the opportunity to take time away from clinical duties. Conclusion Tailored support should be provided to nurses with factors influencing the profile membership and subgroups of second victim symptoms. Impact This study confirmed the need to provide organizational support to nurses as second victims and provided valuable evidence for developing support programs tailored to the subgroups of second victim symptoms.

Distress, support and psychological resilience of psychiatric nurses as second victims after violence: A cross‐sectional study

“…It has been introduced by scholars in South Korea and Singapore (Kim et al, 2020; Mok et al, 2020). Previous research on second victims in the United States and South Korea is mature, including quantitative and qualitative studies on the physical and psychological experience, addressing the support needs of second victims (Choi et al, 2022; Connors et al, 2021). However, only a few studies have concentrated on second victims in China (Chen, Sun, et al, 2019).…”

Second Victim Symptoms and Desired Support Strategies Among Italian Health Care Workers in Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Cross-Sectional Survey and Latent Profile Analysis

“…As already highlighted by several authors, different results in the second victim dimensions suggest cultural differences in the characteristics of the phenomenon. 9,16,36 Our study showed that among the different forms of support, the one with the highest agreement rate was supervisor support (47.9%), followed by extrawork support (42.6%) and support from colleagues (29.8%). Institutional support, on the other hand, was the one with the lowest percentage of agreement (11.5%), suggesting that health care organizations should invest more in support options for second victims through institutional support programs.…”

“…In accordance with Burlison et al, 28 organizational support was measured by using items belonging to the following IT-SVEST dimensions: colleague support, supervisor support, and institutional support. Some items were reverse coded, as performed by Choi et al and Burlison et al, 28,36 so that higher scores correspond to greater second victim symptoms for some dimensions (psychological distress, physical distress, professional self-efficacy reduction, turnover intentions, and absenteeism), whereas higher scores correspond to higher levels of support for others (organizational support and non-work-related support). For each dimension, the percentage of agreement was represented by the percentage of respondents with an overall mean subscale score of ≥4.0.…”

“…16,24,28,29 Furthermore, the second victim experience can predispose HCWs to burnout and depression, 30,31 increasing the probability of committing errors and providing suboptimal care. 16,28,29,[32][33][34][35] Although the second victim phenomenon characteristics depend on national, cultural, and environmental context, 9,16,36 authors all around the world recognized the need for HCWs to be supported. 8,11,16,18,22,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Several organizations have structured and implemented support programs specifically addressing second victims.…”

“…In addition, a study conducted in the Republic of Korea used this tool to classify nurses involved in patient safety incidents into 3 profiles based on the symptoms of the second victim. 36 To the best of our knowledge, 2 studies were conducted in Italy to validate the Italian version of the SVEST, 49,53 but they did not investigate the second victim's experience and desired support strategies with a dedicated survey. To overcome this lack of knowledge, we decided to explore the second victim phenomenon in the Italian context at a regional level.…”