Profiles of Patients with Musculoskeletal Injury in Children at Tertiary Referral Hospital in Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: Fractures in children cause a long-term disability and decrease the quality of life in every person involved. Factors that affect fracture incidence must be identified so that we can create prevention management. This study evaluates children's fracture patterns in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang from January 2016 until August 2020.
 Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among children under 18 years old by analyzing patients' medical records. The characteristics of patients and fractures are reviewed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.
 Results: We analyze 774 children as the sample study, with 70% of them being boys. Fractures mainly occur in the 12-18 years old group (92.8%). Most of them are caused by traffic accidents (58%). Consequently, the street (76.9%) is the most frequent place of trauma. Closed fractures (70%) are the most common type, and distal radius or ulna (21.2%) is the fracture's most frequent site. For treatment, the majority of patients have undergone closed reduction and casting (21.7%).
 Conclusion: Fractures in children occur predominantly in boys and result from traffic accidents. A single and close fracture is the most common type of fracture.

Epidemiological Pattern of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Children Aged 16 Years and Below in a Regional Trauma Centre in Nigeria

“…The average age of the children in this study was 8.15 years for both sexes combined, with a lower average of 7.25 years observed in girls only and a higher one of 8.65 years observed in boys. The combined mean of 8.15 years found in this study is similar to the mean age of 8.78 years reported by Omidiji et al [ 20 ] in a study on fractures in children from Western Nigeria but much lower than the mean of 14 years observed by Sananta et al [ 3 ] in a study from Indonesia. The latter authors, however, studied children between 0 and 17 years as opposed to between 0 and 16 years in this study.…”

“…Furthermore, peak age groups for musculoskeletal injuries in children of 6-12 years and 7-12 years for both sexes have been similarly reported by Song et al [ 21 ] from China and Hussain et al [ 5 ] from India, respectively. In contrast, higher peak periods of 12-18 years and 10 -17 years have been reported by Sananta et al [ 3 ] and Nesje et al [ 2 ] from Indonesia and Norway, respectively. In addition, the modal age of injuries in children of nine years seen in this study is lower than the 16 years observed by Sananta et al [ 3 ].…”

“…A total of 90 children were included in this study, out of which 58 (64.4%) were males and the remaining 32 (35.6%) were females, presenting a male:female ratio of 1.8:1. The preponderance of male children as the most frequently injured sex has been the usually observed trend in the literature [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 12 , 17 , 18 ]. The observed male:female ratio of 1.8:1 in this study is a bit lower than the ratio of 2.1:1 reported by Hussain et al [ 5 ] and Verma et al [ 17 ] but higher than the 1.6:1 and 1.5:1 ratio reported by Nesje et al [ 2 ] and Hedström et al [ 19 ], respectively.…”

“…It was estimated that in 2013, 973 million people sustained injuries that warranted some type of health care, and 48 million people died from injuries globally [1]. Trauma is globally a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young persons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In the United States (US), over 10 million children are treated for injuries each year, with over 9,000 deaths.…”

“…In the United States (US), over 10 million children are treated for injuries each year, with over 9,000 deaths. Trauma accounts for about 50% of deaths in children after the first year of life in the US [ 3 , 5 , 9 ].…”