Profiles of organic volatiles in biological fluids as an aid to the diagnosis of disease

Abstract

The transevaporator sampling technique is described for the solvent stripping of the organic volatile fraction from 5-500-pl samples of biological fluids prior to analysis by capillary column gas chromatography. The reproducible nature of the isolation and separation technique enables quantitative comparisons to be made between nQrmal and pathological samples and marker substances of use for the diagnosis of the diseased state to be identified. Electron-capture detector profiles provide complementary information to the flame-ionisation detector that may prove to be very useful in developing biological correlations.

Preliminary investigation of using volatile organic compounds from human expired air, blood and urine for locating entrapped people in earthquakes

“…The findings, presented in Tables 2 and 3, suggest that there is a variation among the volatiles of the vapor phase in blood and urine samples, among different individuals, as it has been already reported [8]. It is characteristic that three of the 46 compounds identified in blood are common for all the subjects and five out of 38 in urine.…”

“…Also, VOCs determination in plasma and urine has showed a broad number of compounds such as alcohols, aldeheydes, ketones, furans, pyrroles, terpenes, sulphur containing compounds, merkaptans, hydrocarbons and various heterocyclic compounds [8,9]. It should be noted that knowledge concerning the simultaneous determination of VOCs in expired air, blood and urine specimens of the same group of volunteers is limited and not much research work has been reported so far.…”

Pattern Recognition Used to Investigate Multivariate Data in Analytical Chemistry

“…Profiling of complex biological materials with high-performance chromatographic methods is an active research area with a large and growing literature (6,(29)(30)(31)46). Such chromatographic experiments often yield chemical profiles containing hundreds of constituents, which are chemical fingerprints of the complex samples.…”

Sample Preparation for Chromatographic Analysis

“…It is used to determine analytes which are too low in concentration or have unfavorable partition coefficients for their determination by static headspace methods [318][319][320][321][322]342]. It is used to determine analytes which are too low in concentration or have unfavorable partition coefficients for their determination by static headspace methods [318][319][320][321][322]342].…”

“…A suitable apparatus for the dynamic headspace analysis of urine and similar biological fluids available in large volume, waste and surface waters, tissue homogenates, beverages, and plants and herbs is shown in Figure 8.27(A) [342,346,347]. Taking urine as a general example, an aliquot of a 24-hour urine sample mixed with ammonium sulfate (200 g/1) is charged into a 500 ml sampling bottle and vigorously stirred with a magnetic stirrer.…”