Profiles of bystanders' motivation to defend school bully victims from a self‐determination perspective

Jungert, Tomas; Holm, Kristoffer; Iotti, Nathalie Ophelia; Longobardi, Claudio

doi:10.1002/ab.21929

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This difference seems to hold when we consider motivation to defend victims of bullying. It has been reported that helpful bystander behaviors tend to decrease with age [ 39 , 40 ], while extrinsic motivation appears to be higher at 14 years of age [ 23 ]. This could be linked to findings that suggest that bullying behaviors peak around age 14 and that adolescents in that age group might have stronger pro-bullying attitudes [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, some studies found girls to be more inclined than boys to defend victims of cyberbullying [ 20 , 21 ] and that helpful bystander behaviors are likely to decline with age [ 22 ], with younger students being more motivated to defend victims than older students. However, said findings are mixed [ 22 , 23 ] and require more investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Adolescents’ Motivations to Defend Victims of Cyberbullying

Iotti

Menin

Jungert

2022

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to investigate how different types of motivation to defend victims of bullying would be associated with various bystander behaviors in cyberbullying situations among early adolescents in Sweden. Data were collected from 460 Swedish adolescents aged between 11 and 15 years who completed a survey in their classroom. Results showed that autonomous motivation to defend was positively associated with defender behavior and negatively associated with pro-bully and passive behavior, while extrinsic motivation was positively associated with pro-bully and passive behavior. Age was positively associated with increased passive behavior and dampened defensive behavior, while no effect of gender was found on defender behavior. Our findings suggest that students’ autonomous motivation to defend victims is important in cyberbullying situations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Adolescents’ Motivations to Defend Victims of Cyberbullying

Iotti

Menin

Jungert

2022

IJERPH

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“…Finally, integrated, or intrinsic, regulation involves processes of full assimilation with the self, such as striving to help others because the person perceives that helping is a part of their self. In previous studies on bystander behaviour in bullying situations among adolescents, more autonomous forms of regulation were found to be positively associated with defending the victim and negatively associated with passive bystander behaviour (Jungert et al , 2016, 2021). We therefore believe that these four types of regulation are also important facets to include in models of bystander incivility to understand not only if general motivation to intervene can be modified by situational characteristics but also in what way motivation is affected by such factors.…”

Section: Bystander Behaviour and Self-determined Motivation To Intervenementioning

confidence: 84%

Workplace incivility and bystanders’ helping intentions

Jungert

Holm

2021

IJCMA

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Purpose Using observational and experimental designs, the purpose of this study was to explore if the power relation between the offender and the victim of incivility and the level of perceived severity of the incivility were associated with bystanders’ intentions to help when witnessing workplace incivility. Design/methodology/approach In Study 1, 160 participants completed a questionnaire where they described a recent uncivil incident they had witnessed, and completed measures of perceived severity and measures of their behavioural response as bystanders. In Study 2, 183 participants were randomised to read one of two vignettes (a manager being uncivil towards a subordinate or vice versa), and completed measures of perceived severity and of their motivation to intervene. The authors investigated whether the power relation between perpetrator and victim, and the perceived severity of the uncivil exchange, were associated with prosocial bystander behaviours in Study 1 and with motivation to defend the victim of incivility in Study 2. Findings Higher perpetrator power was significantly associated with the incident being perceived as more severe, and higher perpetrator power was directly related to greater tendency to confront, and lower tendency to avoid, the perpetrator. Perpetrator power was indirectly associated with social support according to the perceived severity. A supervisor acting in an uncivil manner was rated as more severe than a subordinate acting in such a way. Perceived severity mediated the relationship between perpetrator power and the witness’s introjected, identified and intrinsic motivation to intervene. Originality/value This study extends previous work by investigating how the perpetrator’s power influences both the bystander’s prosocial behaviour and their motivation to defend the victim. Furthermore, previous research has not considered how perceptions of severity might mediate the relationship between power, behaviour and motivation.

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“…Particularly, it should be considered that the peak of bullying occurs in adolescence and the prevalence of the phenomenon decreases progressively in late adolescence (Currie et al, 2012;Miranda et al, 2019), while prosocial behavior increases at this time. This fact points to the relevance of promoting prosociality in advance in order to prevent bullying behaviors (Jungert et al, 2020;Van der Graaff, et al, 2018).…”

Section: Bullying and Its Repercussions In Adolescencementioning

confidence: 90%

Dispositional and situational moral emotions, bullying and prosocial behavior in adolescence

2021

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Studies that distinguish the role of dispositional and situational moral emotions in bullying situations remain limited in the international literature. This work, therefore, aims to analyze the role of dispositional and situational moral emotions in bullying and prosocial behavior in adolescents. Two studies were conducted: a cross-sectional study including 644 adolescents aged 14–18 years (M = 15.6, DT = 1.4) and a repeated measures design including 235 adolescents aged 10–15 years (M = 12.5, DT = 0.9). The objectives of Study 1 were 1) to validate two scales for the situational moral emotions elicited in bullying situations (elevation and moral disgust) and 2) to examine the relationships between dispositional and situational moral emotions and prosocial behavior toward victims and bullying behavior. The results show adequate psychometric properties for both elevation and moral disgust scales. Furthermore, both situational moral emotions are negatively related to bullying behavior, whereas dispositional emotions such as compassion and gratitude have a positive effect on prosocial behavior. Study 2 assessed the prospective relationship between dispositional gratitude and prosocial behavior toward victims and bullying behavior. The results of this study indicate that dispositional gratitude has a positive prospective effect on prosocial behavior towards victims and a negative effect on bullying behavior. In conclusion, the relevance of moral emotions for the prevention of bullying behavior is highlighted and the role that self-transcendent dispositional emotions have on prosocial behavior from the perspective of developmental psychology.

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Profiles of bystanders' motivation to defend school bully victims from a self‐determination perspective

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Early Adolescents’ Motivations to Defend Victims of Cyberbullying

Early Adolescents’ Motivations to Defend Victims of Cyberbullying

Workplace incivility and bystanders’ helping intentions

Dispositional and situational moral emotions, bullying and prosocial behavior in adolescence

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