Profiles and factors associated with schizophrenia in eastern Ethiopia: A matched case-control study

Abstract

BackgroundDespite its strong hereditary and genetic connections, there are other factors reported to be linked to schizophrenia, but not well studied in eastern Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study was aimed to investigating the potential profiles and factors associated with schizophrenia in eastern Ethiopia.Materials and methodsA matched case-control study was conducted in two public hospitals from December 1, 2021, to January 30, 2022. Cases were patients with schizophrenia who visited the hospitals, and controls were healthy individuals without any mental illness who visited the same hospitals. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Cases and controls were matched using age and sex. STATA-14 was used for analysis. A conditional logistic regression with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to identify the determinants. P-values of <0.05 were used to build the final model as a measure of statistical significance.ResultsThe mean age of the study participants group was 28.6 (±8.44) years, mean age for cases was 28.7(±8.5) ranging from 18 to 56 years and the mean age for the controls was 28.4 (±8.5), ranging from 18 to 60 years. About 181 (83.03%) of the participants were male. The odds of having schizophrenia was about 12.2 times higher among participants with family history of mental illness (AOR: 12.21; 95% CI: 4.83–30.00). The odds of having schizophrenia was 4.5 times higher among polysubstance users (AOR: 4.45; 95% CI: 1.28–5.45) and 2.8 times higher among khat consumers (AOR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.23–6.45) compared to their counterparts.ConclusionOur findings show that genetic risk factors as well as some modifiable behaviors are associated to schizophrenia in eastern Ethiopia. At all levels, special attention should be given to those who are at risk.

Determinants of Disability Among Individuals Living with Schizophrenia Attending Psychiatric Follow-Up Clinic in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Case-Control Study

“…Furthermore, academic disadvantage and unemployment in schizophrenia are all part of a vicious cycle that frequently results in poor academic performance and joblessness. 21 , 30 , 31 …”

“…The novel finding of this study is that having a family history of mental illness was an independent predictor of disability among peoples living with schizophrenia, which might be supported by research conducted in eastern Ethiopia. 30 It might be due to a shared risk of genetic markers, environmental exposures, or a combination of these factors associated with a family history of mental illness, which causes functional impairments in schizophrenia patients. 42 …”

Mengenali Dan Tata Laksana Agitasi Pada Skizofrenia Di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit

“…Gejala skizofrenia yang timbul biasanya disebabkan karena adanya interaksi antara faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. [4][5][6][7] Gejala gangguan skizofrenia dapat berupa gejala psikotik yang terbagi menjadi gejala positif, gejala negatif dan gangguan kognitif. Gejala positif biasanya ditandai dengan adanya halusinasi dan waham.…”