Profile of the sensitive period for monocular deprivation in kittens

Olson, Carl R.; Freeman, R. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00237065

Cited by 248 publications

(176 citation statements)

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“…Optimal periods are defined as windows of heightened plasticity, during which environmental input is highly influential, followed by a reduction in plasticity as perceptual representations become established and the effect of environmental input is greatly reduced (9). For example, the visual cortex must receive input from both eyes during early development for binocular vision to develop normally (10), and songbirds establish their adult song based on input received during an early critical period (11). If input is received outside these periods, then normal vision is never achieved, and an aberrant song develops.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the unconscious maintenance of a lost first language

Pierce

Klein

Chen

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance Using functional MRI we examined the unconscious influence of early experience on later brain outcomes. Internationally adopted (IA) children (aged 9–17 years), who were completely separated from their birth language (Chinese) at 12.8 mo of age, on average, displayed brain activation to Chinese linguistic elements that precisely matched that of native Chinese speakers, despite the fact that IA children had no subsequent exposure to Chinese and no conscious recollection of that language. Importantly, activation differed from monolingual French speakers with no Chinese exposure, despite all participants hearing identical acoustic stimuli. The similarity between adoptees and Chinese speakers clearly illustrates that early acquired information is maintained in the brain and that early experiences unconsciously influence neural processing for years, if not indefinitely.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the unconscious maintenance of a lost first language

Pierce

Klein

Chen

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…(d) Critical periods for the effects of monocular deprivation and its reversal Following Hubel & Wiesel's demonstration that monocular deprivation induced shifts of cortical ocular dominance only when imposed in early postnatal life, there have been a number of attempts to delineate the precise timing of the critical period for this phenomenon (Hubel & Wiesel 1970;LeVay et al 1980;Olson & Freeman 1980;Daw et al 1992). The most informative of these investigations are those (e.g.…”

Section: Key Findings and Concepts Derived From Early Animal Studies mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most informative of these investigations are those (e.g. Olson & Freeman 1980) that employ a constant length of deprivation and vary just the age at which it is imposed so that there is not a confound between length of deprivation and age.…”

Section: Key Findings and Concepts Derived From Early Animal Studies mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms of recovery following early visual deprivation

Mitchell

Sengpiel

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Natural patterned early visual input is essential for the normal development of the central visual pathways and the visual capacities they sustain. Without visual input, the functional development of the visual system stalls not far from the state at birth, and if input is distorted or biased the visual system develops in an abnormal fashion resulting in specific visual deficits. Monocular deprivation, an extreme form of biased exposure, results in large anatomical and physiological changes in terms of territory innervated by the two eyes in primary visual cortex (V1) and to a loss of vision in the deprived eye reminiscent of that in human deprivation amblyopia. We review work that points to a special role for binocular visual input in the development of V1 and vision. Our unique approach has been to provide animals with mixed visual input each day, which consists of episodes of normal and biased (monocular) exposures. Short periods of concordant binocular input, if continuous, can offset much longer episodes of monocular deprivation to allow normal development of V1 and prevent amblyopia. Studies of animal models of patching therapy for amblyopia reveal that the benefits are both heightened and prolonged by daily episodes of binocular exposure.

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“…refs. 6,10,11,31,33,38,45,50,51) and--to a lesser degree --in the monkey 5'14,1s,58 have been studied intensely with various methods and with differing reSuits. For example, whereas the beginning of the sensitive period for visual deprivation in the cat has been determined by most researchers to be around the third postnatal week, there is disagreement concerning its end (compare refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two nuclei of the tectofugal pathway of zebra finches

Herrmann

Bischof

1988

Brain Research

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Previous experiments with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) suggested the existence of a critical period for the effects of monocular deprivation in the nucleus rotundus of zebra finches. The present study concerns the time course of this sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two areas of the tectofugal visual pathway of zebra finches, the nucleus rotundus of the thalamus and the telencephalic ectostriatum. Cell size and volume changes were measured in birds subjected to 40 days of unilateral eye closure starting at ages spaced regularly throughout the first 70 days of life. The results show that monocular deprivation markedly affects cell size in both areas if the treatment starts at one or 10 days posthatch. The differences between deprived and non-deprived neurons decline monotonically with increasing visual experience prior to deprivation. However, deprivation onset at day 40 again causes as severe effects as early monocular closure. Deprivation as from day 50 or later no longer leads to abnormalities. The measurements of the volume of the nucleus rotundus parallel the cell size measurements, with the exception that the second increase in sensitivity occurs with deprivation onset at day 50 instead of day 40. These data indicate that the time course of the sensitive period for the effects of monocular deprivation may be double-peaked: the sensitivity for external stimuli declines from hatch until day 30, but has another peak at 40-50 days of life. The definite end of the sensitive period, as determined with this method, can therefore be assumed to be at around day 50-60.

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Profile of the sensitive period for monocular deprivation in kittens

Cited by 248 publications

References 8 publications

Mapping the unconscious maintenance of a lost first language

Mapping the unconscious maintenance of a lost first language

Neural mechanisms of recovery following early visual deprivation

The sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two nuclei of the tectofugal pathway of zebra finches

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