Profile of secondary metabolites of Citrus hystrix DC from several solvents and its potential as an antibacterial substance

Abstract

Exploration of antibacterial activity from various herbs like Citrus species can become the solution for reducing emergency resistance antimicrobial. In this study, the secondary metabolite profiles of kaffir lime leaves extract (Citrus hystrix DC) were explored, which were obtained from several solvents that have potential as antibacterial agents. Extraction of kaffir lime leaves was carried out using 96% ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate, with the comparison between simplicia and solvent was 1:5. Profile metabolites secondary observed in the study were total phenol content, total flavonoids content, saponins, tannins and antioxidants activity. Extraction of kaffir lime leaves using 96% ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate produced extract yields of 5.28%, 0.94, 1.72% respectively. The highest content of flavonoids, phenols, and tannins was from the extract of kaffir lime leaves using 96% ethanol that was which is 65.02 (mg equivalent quercetin / g extract), 4.94 (% w/w) and 3.51 (% w/w). The highest content of saponins on kaffir lime leaves extracts from hexane was 10.67 (% w/w). The best antioxidant activity was from the extract of kaffir lime leaves using 96% ethanol which was 21.81 (IC 50) (μg/mL). Kaffir lime leaves ethanol extract showed high total phenol, flavonoid, tannin content as well as high antioxidant activity.