Profile of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre

K, Archana Bhat; Madi, Deepak; Bhat, Sevitha; Mary, T. Caserta; Shenoy, Shalini; Kotian, Himani

doi:10.2147/idr.s378221

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…Secondary bacterial infections are most common among critically ill patients (34.5%), followed by moderate and mild cases (3.9% and 8.3%, respectively) (18). Fast and accurate identification of bacteria as either resident or pathogenic microorganisms in COVID-19 patients should be a crucial step in managing these cases (19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Pathogenic Agents in Mechanically-Ventilated, Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Abdollahi,

Salehi,

Ahmadi

et al. 2024

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global shock since its initial spread in 2019. Medically, patients with coronavirus disease, especially those with pneumonitis, face serious life-threatening risks and often require mechanical ventilation and intensive care. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a significant concern for critical care providers. Recent reports have highlighted the susceptibility of patients with confirmed COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation to nosocomial pneumonia (NP). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) in Tehran, Iran, within April 2020 to April 2021. The study focused on critically ill COVID-19 patients who required mechanical ventilation and met the criteria for VAP. Standard biochemical assays were used to identify pure colonies in patients’ sample cultures, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted to assess antimicrobial resistance profiles. The findings were analyzed statistically using SPSS software (version 23.0). Results: Out of 93 endotracheal aspirate samples, 64 samples tested positive for bacteria. Among the 64 eligible patients with positive cultures, 42 (65.6%) and 22 (34.4%) patients were male and female, respectively, with a mean age of 60.56 ± 13.58 years. A total of 52 patients (81.25%) had underlying conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and kidney or heart diseases. According to the study results, the most common pathogens were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (7%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (23%). Additionally, 80% of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 90% of Acinetobacter baumannii were observed to be multi-drug resistant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant risks to critically ill patients, often necessitating mechanical ventilation and intensive care. Furthermore, VAP remains a serious challenge in this context, with high rates of XDR K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii. Effective infection control measures and surveillance are critical to mitigating the risk of NP in these vulnerable patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Pathogenic Agents in Mechanically-Ventilated, Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Abdollahi,

Salehi,

Ahmadi

et al. 2024

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Microbial Landscape and Antibiotic-Susceptibility Profiles of Microorganisms in Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Cases in Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Ablakimova,

Mussina,

Smagulova

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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This cross-sectional study investigated the microbial landscape and antibiotic-resistance patterns in patients with bacterial pneumonia, with a focus on the impact of COVID-19. Sputum samples from individuals with bacterial pneumonia, including coronavirus disease 2019-positive polymerase chain reaction (COVID-19-PCR+), COVID-19-PCR− and non-COVID-19 patients, were analyzed. Surprisingly, the classic etiological factor of bacterial pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, was rarely isolated from the sputum samples. Furthermore, the frequency of multidrug-resistant pathogens was found to be higher in non-COVID-19 patients, highlighting the potential impact of the pandemic on antimicrobial resistance. Strains obtained from COVID-19-PCR+ patients exhibited significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. Notably, the ESKAPE pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes, were identified among the isolated microorganisms. Our findings underscore the urgent need for infection control measures and responsible antibiotic use in healthcare settings, as well as the importance of enhancing pneumonia diagnostics and implementing standardized laboratory protocols.

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Lung Ultrasound Efficacy in Monitoring Post-SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Pediatric Patients

Chelcea,

Dediu,

Dabica

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Recognizing the crucial gaps in our understanding of pediatric pneumonia post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study aimed to assess the relationship between Pediatric Pneumonia Ultrasound Scores (PedPne) and inflammatory biomarkers. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of PedPne in comparison with inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6 and dNLR) for the development of pneumonia in pediatric patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal observational study collected data from pediatric patients diagnosed with pneumonia after an acute SARS-CoV2 infection. The study focused on analyzing changes in PedPne scores and inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and dNLR from initial admission to follow-up at 7 days. Statistical analysis involved calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) for each biomarker, alongside regression analysis to determine their hazard ratios for predicting pneumonia development. Results: The analysis identified significant cutoff values for dNLR at 1.88 (sensitivity 77.0%, specificity 85.7%, AUC 0.802, p < 0.001), IL-6 at 6.1 pg/mL (sensitivity 70.3%, specificity 92.9%, AUC 0.869, p < 0.001), and PedPne score at 3.3 (sensitivity 75.7%, specificity 78.6%, AUC 0.794, p < 0.001). Conversely, NLR showed lower diagnostic performance (AUC 0.485, p = 0.327). Regression analysis further highlighted the strong predictive power of these markers, with IL-6 showing a fourfold increase in pneumonia risk (HR = 4.25, CI: 2.07–9.53, p < 0.001), dNLR indicating more than a twofold increase (HR = 2.53, CI: 1.19–6.97, p = 0.006), and PedPne score associated with more than a doubling of the risk (HR = 2.60, CI: 1.33–5.18, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study conclusively demonstrated that both PedPne ultrasound scores and specific inflammatory biomarkers such as dNLR and IL-6 are significant predictors of pneumonia development in pediatric patients post-COVID-19 infection. These findings advocate for the integration of these biomarkers in routine clinical assessments to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and management of pneumonia in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Profile of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Detecting Pathogenic Agents in Mechanically-Ventilated, Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Detecting Pathogenic Agents in Mechanically-Ventilated, Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Microbial Landscape and Antibiotic-Susceptibility Profiles of Microorganisms in Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Cases in Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Lung Ultrasound Efficacy in Monitoring Post-SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Pediatric Patients

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