Profile of Respiratory Pathogens Causing Acute Respiratory Infections in Hospitalised Children at Rajasthan a 4 Year’s Study

Swamy, M. Anjaneya; Malhotra, Bharti; Reddy, PV Janardhan; Tiwari, Jitendra Kumar

doi:10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_18_84

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The yield of positive cases was greatest in the 0–18 years of age group (62%). This is similar to findings of other studies, Broor et al [9], Leber et al [14], Swamy et al [16] who report high respiratory viral infections in the paediatric age group. This is probably because of the unprimed immune system of children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seasonal incidence of respiratory viral infections in Telangana, India: utility of a multiplex PCR assay to bridge the knowledge gap

Anand

Nimmala

2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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objective The diagnosis of acute viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) is a challenge due to overlapping clinical presentations and lack of availability of robust diagnostic methods. This in turn leads to lack of data regarding incidence and seasonality of viral RTIs which could potentially help to implement efficient strategies of antimicrobial stewardship as well as vaccine administration. Here we utilise a commercial Multiplex PCR assay for the early diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections and discuss their epidemiology. methods A prospective, observational study was conducted over a period of 3 years (2017-2019). Respiratory samples received from outpatients and inpatients with suspected acute RTIs from three multispeciality hospitals located in the twin cities of Hyderabad-Secunderabad were subjected to FilmArray Respiratory Panel (RP) (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA). Results were tabulated and statistically analysed. results Of 513 samples, 261 (50.9%) were positive for one or more pathogens. The viruses detected included influenza A H1 2009 (26.0%), human rhinovirus/enterovirus (21.5%), influenza A H3N2 (17.0%), human metapneumovirus (9.4%), influenza B (6.6%), coronavirus (4.9%), parainfluenza virus (4.5%), respiratory syncytial virus (3.1%) and adenovirus (2.1%). The largest number of samples was positive during the monsoon season (43.8%). Influenza A H1 2009 peaked in the monsoon season with another, smaller peak in February. conclusions There is a bimodal peak of respiratory infections relative to the seasons, and vaccine administration should take place in April-May before the advent of the monsoons in this part of the country. Multiplexed PCR may be used as first line for diagnosis of viral infections so that infection control measures can be prioritised and antibiotic administration can be avoided in those who do not require it. keywords multiplex PCR, respiratory tract infections, viral infections, influenza Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 3 (good health and well-being)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seasonal incidence of respiratory viral infections in Telangana, India: utility of a multiplex PCR assay to bridge the knowledge gap

Anand

Nimmala

2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…As per these reports, 8,448 cases were studied and 1,315 samples were found positive for respiratory virus infections. Rhinovirus has a higher infection rate (18%) than in other regions and is detected regularly (Figure 3; Yeolekar et al, 2008;Choudhary et al, 2013;Chavan et al, 2015;Malhotra et al, 2016;Swamy et al, 2018;Sonawane et al, 2019). This region has reported the highest prevalence of rhinovirus: the cause of the common cold.…”

Section: West Indiamentioning

confidence: 93%

The Burden of Respiratory Viruses and Their Prevalence in Different Geographical Regions of India: 1970–2020

2021

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As per the 2019 report of the National Health Portal of India, 41,996,260 cases and 3,740 deaths from respiratory infections were recorded across India in 2018. India contributes to 18% of the global population, with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) as one of the prominent causes of mortality in children >5 years of age. Measures in terms of the diagnosis and surveillance of respiratory infections are taken up globally to discover their circulating types, detect outbreaks, and estimate the disease burden. Similarly, the purpose of this review was to determine the prevalence of respiratory infections in various regions of India through published reports. Understanding the pattern and prevalence of various viral entities responsible for infections and outbreaks can help in designing better strategies to combat the problem. The associated pathogens comprise respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, etc. Identification of these respiratory viruses was not given high priority until now, but the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sensitized our system to be alert about the burden of existing infections and to have proper checks for emerging ones. Most of the studies reported to date have worked on the influenza virus as a priority. However, the data describing the prevalence of other respiratory viruses with their seasonal pattern have significant epidemiological value. A comprehensive literature search was done to gather data from all geographical regions of India comprising all states of India from 1970 to 2020. The same has been compared with the global scenario and is being presented here.

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“…Although, the contribution of viruses to RTIs morbidity and mortality is becoming increasingly evident due to increased availability of better diagnostics technology [ 14 ]. Nonetheless, studies suggest that many cases of SARI are still diagnosed empirically and with supportive care in the absence of facilities for diagnosing viruses [ 15 , 16 ]. However, even when presented with the capacity for diagnosis, broad pathogen detection remains challenging, especially in low resource settings [ 15 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, studies suggest that many cases of SARI are still diagnosed empirically and with supportive care in the absence of facilities for diagnosing viruses [ 15 , 16 ]. However, even when presented with the capacity for diagnosis, broad pathogen detection remains challenging, especially in low resource settings [ 15 , 17 ]. In essence, the identity of the viral causative agent/s in many SARI cases remains unknown [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen Profile of Children Hospitalised with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Free State Province, South Africa

Ogunbayo

Mogotsi

Sondlane

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) contribute to mortality in children ≤5 years. Their microbiological aetiologies are often unknown and may be exacerbated in light of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). This study reports on respiratory pathogens in children ≤5 years (n = 84) admitted with SARI during and between the second and third waves of COVID-19 infection in South Africa. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs collected were subjected to viral detection using QIAstat-Dx® Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel. The results revealed viral positivity and negativity detection rates of 88% (74/84) and 12% (10/84), respectively. Of the 21 targeted pathogens, human rhinovirus/enterovirus (30%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; 26%), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (24%) were mostly detected, with other viruses being 20% and a co-infection rate of 64.2% (54/84). Generally, RSV-positive samples had lower Ct values, and fewer viruses were detected during the third wave. Changes in the circulation patterns of respiratory viruses with total absence of influenza virus could be attributed to measures against COVID-19 transmission, which may result in waned immunity, thereby increasing susceptibility to severe infections in the following season. High viral co-infection rate, as detected, may complicate diagnosis. Nonetheless, accurate identification of the pathogens may guide treatment decisions and infection control.

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Profile of Respiratory Pathogens Causing Acute Respiratory Infections in Hospitalised Children at Rajasthan a 4 Year’s Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Seasonal incidence of respiratory viral infections in Telangana, India: utility of a multiplex PCR assay to bridge the knowledge gap

Seasonal incidence of respiratory viral infections in Telangana, India: utility of a multiplex PCR assay to bridge the knowledge gap

The Burden of Respiratory Viruses and Their Prevalence in Different Geographical Regions of India: 1970–2020

Pathogen Profile of Children Hospitalised with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Free State Province, South Africa

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