Profile of Pituitary Adenomas in Senegal: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects about 241 Collected Cases

Abstract

Introduction: in adults, adenomas are the most frequent causes of pituitary tumours. The objective was to characterize its epidemiological and clinical aspects, as well as its therapeutic modalities in Senegal. Methodology: this was a multicenter, retrospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out from the Senegalese register of pituitary adenomas (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020)(2021)(2022). Results: 242 patients were collected with an average age of 42.4 ± 13 years and a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.91. The mean consultation time was 19.7 ± 23 months. The circumstances of discovery were pituitary apoplexy (11 cases, 4.54%), tumor syndrome (176 cases, 72.72%), gonadal manifestations (103 cases, 42.56%), dysmorphic syndrome (21 cases, 8.68%), hypercorticism (15 cases, 6.19%). Morphologically, it was a macroadenoma (197 cases, 81.40%), an extensive adenoma (22 cases, 9.10%). The hormonal profile was lactotropic hypersecretion (80 cases, 33.05%), somatotropic (13 cases, 5.39%), corticotropic (14 cases, 5.78%), mixed (9 cases, 3.71%). The factors significantly associated with prolactinoma were young age (p = 0.000), female sex (p = 0.000), long consultation delay (p = 0.000) and microadenoma (p = 0.001). Only arterial hypertension was associated with acromegaly (p = 0.000). We found a significant correlation between Cushing's disease and microadenomas (p = 0.000). Non-secreting adenomas were significantly associated with advanced age (p = 0.000), long delay in consultation (p = 0.000), male gender (p = 0.000), tumor syndrome (p = 0.001) and macroadenomas (p = 0.000). Pituitary surgery was effective in 173 patients (71.49%) including 166 cases (68.59%) by transphenoidal approach. Postoperative incidents were transient diabetes insipidus in