Profile of hepatocellular carcinoma in India: An insight into the possible etiologic associations

Sarin, Shiv Kumar; Thakur, Varsha; Guptan, R. C.; Saigal, S; Malhotra, Veena; Thyagarajan, Sadras Panchatcharam; Das, Bhudev C.

doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02476.x

Cited by 77 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…13 However, we found that irrespective of the degree of differentiation, the tumor cells were nonpermissive. Our finding of 100% nuclear integration is in contrast to the finding of Sarin et al, 9 who found integration in only 59% of the cases by genomic Southern blot hybridization. The low percentage of integration observed in their study could be attributed to the technique used, as shown by the titration studies of Shintani et al 23 An in situ hybridization study in HBsAg-positive Chinese patients with HCC revealed the integrated virus in 72% and the episomal state in 19% of patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…8 The relatively lower prevalence observed by Sarin et al 9 may have been due to the lower sensitivity of dot blot hybridization compared with PCR, which was used in the earlier study. 8 The difference between their study 9 and our current study could be due to a difference in the prevalence of the virus in North India versus South India. Alternatively, the difference could also be ascribed to the differences in the sensitivities of the dot blot and in situ hybridization tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…14 -16 This difference in prevalence in the same country could either be due to variation in the prevalence of the virus across the country, to varying degrees of sensitivities of the molecular techniques used, or to the differences in the regions of the viral genome used as probes and primers. In a large study on HCC patients from North India, Sarin et al 9 showed HBV positivity in 72% of cases using dot blot hybridization. However, the same group of workers in an earlier study from Delhi had shown a positivity of 91% by PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In India, 49% of the patients with HBVrelated HCC are infected with surface mutants. 9 Alternatively, serum HBsAg negativity in these cases could be caused by a disrupted integrated S gene because rearrangements and deletions of parts of the viral ge-nome are common during the process of integration. 17 However, occult HBV infection may also be responsible for cryptogenic HCC cases in the United States, 26 for 59% of serologically undefined cases of HCC in Japan, 27 and for 85% of cases in France.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Recent reports using different molecular methods on patients from North India have shown the association between HBV infection and HCC to vary between 72% and 91%. 8,9 There are no similar published studies on HCC patients of South Indian origin. The current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of HBV genes in HCC patients in a South Indian population using the nonisotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) technique.…”

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Surface, core, and X genes of hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma

Jayshree

Hanumanthaiah

Devi

2002

Cancer

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface, core, and X genes of hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma

Jayshree

Hanumanthaiah

Devi

2002

Cancer

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Oligolactate‐grafted dextran hydrogels: Detection of stereocomplex crosslinks by X‐ray diffraction

Jong

Nostrum

Kroon-Batenburg

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:Physically crosslinked hydrogels are formed upon mixing equal amounts of aqueous solutions of dextran grafted with l-lactic acid oligomers and dextran grafted with d-lactic acid oligomers. In this paper, the dex-lactate hydrogels are analyzed by X-ray diffraction to provide evidence that hydrogel formation occurred through stereocomplex formation. First, the stereocomplex formation of monodisperse lactic acid oligomers was studied and comparison with published results of poly(lactic acid) was made. It was clearly demonstrated that stereocomplexes were formed between oligomers of opposite chirality. The data for these monodisperse lactic acid oligomers were used to interpret the results obtained with the dex-lactate hydrogels. X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrated that in the hydrogels stereocomplexes were formed between the lactic acid oligomers of opposite chirality.

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Etiological and molecular profile of hepatocellular cancer from India

Asim

Sarma

Kar

2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are underreported in India. Our study was designed to investigate the etiological profile of HCC cases in India and compare with global incidence. The study included 348 HCC and 375 chronic liver disease cases without HCC as controls. Samples were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA genotyping was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. All cases were also assessed for other possible risk factors of HCC. Among HCC cases, 62.6% were positive for HBV, 26.7% for HCV and 3.2% had coinfection. Around 17% of HCC cases had aflatoxin-B1 exposure. HBV genotype D (odds ratio, OR 5 1.76) and mixed genotypes (OR 5 6.86) had higher risk of HCC development. The risk of HCC was twofold (OR 5 2.26) in patients with high HBV-DNA levels. Moreover, our findings were unable to establish a clear differential effect of HCV genotype (OR 5 1.48) and high viral load (OR 5 1.21) on HCC development. In India, HBV is the major risk factors, whereas alcohol, smoking and diabetes are nonsignificantly associated. Asian countries such as Hong Kong and Taiwan also had high incidence of HBV-related HCC. Contrarily, countries from Europe and USA reported HCV as predominant cause of HCC. Further, aflatoxin could be a possible risk of HCC in the population. However, in comparison to the countries such as China and Taiwan (high Aflatoxin exposure), the aflatoxin level is relatively low in our patients. High HBV-DNA levels and HBV/D increased the risk of HCC. However, neither genotype nor virus loads of HCV affected prognosis of HCC patients in our study.Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. 1 Most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases (>80%) occur in either sub-Saharan Africa or in Eastern Asia. 2 Most Asian countries are in the intermediate to high incidence zone of HCC. However, India falls in the low incidence zone. 2 According to GLOBOCAN 2008 data, a total of 14,516 cases of HCC have been reported in India with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 3.2 per 1,00,000 population. 3 Sen et al. 4 reported an age-adjusted HCC incidence rate of 5.3 and relative frequency of 4.8% among males. However, among women, relative frequency of 3.1% and incidence rate of 3.9 have been observed in India. In comparison to the neighboring East Asian countries, the incidence of HCC in India was found to be relatively low. 4 The overall incidence of HCC in India does not fall within the ten leading sites of cancer in either sex. 5 The annual risk of HCC is 0.5% for asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and 0.8% for patients with chronic hepatitis B. 6 Most patients acquired the HBV infection as neonates. 7 The incidence of HCC was 2.7% in HBV-related compensated cirrhosis from Asia. In a cohort of 350 European patients with compensated cirrhosis, the 5-year cumulative incidence of HCC was 6%. 8,9 The incidence of HBV-re...

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Profile of hepatocellular carcinoma in India: An insight into the possible etiologic associations

Abstract: In India: (i) HBV infection is the predominant factor for the development of HCC, often related to mutant forms of HBV; (ii) a majority of the HCC patients have overt cirrhosis of the liver; and (iii) HCV and alcohol per se are uncommonly associated.

Cited by 77 publications

References 29 publications

Surface, core, and X genes of hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma

Surface, core, and X genes of hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma

Oligolactate‐grafted dextran hydrogels: Detection of stereocomplex crosslinks by X‐ray diffraction

Etiological and molecular profile of hepatocellular cancer from India

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