Profile of Essential Oils From the Leaves of Annona Grafted

Abstract

Mechanical damage, during grafting, results in the formation of reactive oxygen species, which are neutralized by the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems which may influence the essential oil composition of grafts and rootstocks because of the formation of oxygenated terpenes, substances with higher reactivity against pathogens. Various studies have demonstrated the biological activity of Annonaceae and the important pharmacological potential of the substances produced by the genus Annona. Thus, we studied the essential oils of leaves collected from the graft (Annona × atemoya) and lateral budding from the rootstock (Annona emarginata), in the same individual, in order to characterize chemical profile. The extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation and separation, quantification and identification of the substances were performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Chemical profiles of essential oils were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). Annona × atemoya and Annona emarginata presented chemical profiles of essential oil with specific substances. Some substances are common in oils of both species. Germacrene D is predominant in Annona × atemoya and α and β-selinene, β-elemene and spathulenol occurred in Annona emarginata. Our results suggest that the profile of such essential oil may be another indicator for the success of the combination of these two species.

Nitrogen in the defense system of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer

“…The cultivation of Annona emarginata revealed trans -caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, and γ-gurjunene, synthesized on the same route [68]. These substances have bactericidal activity [31,69,70] and may contribute to the defense of the species. We found a higher relative percentage of trans -caryophyllene when the plants are younger (150 DBT) and a higher relative percentage of bicyclogermacrene and γ-gurjunene when the plants are older (206 DBT).…”

“…Annona emarginata has physical and chemical characteristics that make it resistant to various pests and diseases and, due to its compatibility with the hybrid Annona x atemoya , which produces fruit with high commercial value, is used as its rootstock [31]. Volatile substances should be highlighted among the chemical characteristics that contribute to the strength of A .…”

Characterization of seasonal and chemotypical variability in the essential oil from leaves of Annona neosalicifolia H. Rainer (Annonaceae)

“…Other reports referred (E)-caryophyllene (29.29%), (Z)-caryophyllene (16.86%), γ-muurolene (7.54%), α-pinene (13.86%), and tricyclene (10.04%) as main volatiles in A. emarginata var. 'terra-fria' (Campos et al, 2014) and, in the EO from leaves of the rootstock for grafted A. x atemoya, β-selinene (12.63%), α-selinene (12.21%), β-elemene (9.66%), spathulenol (7.25%), α-pinene (5.55%), (E)-caryophyllene (5.39%) (Campos, Vieira, Baron, et al, 2019b). The volatile chemical profile of the rootstock may influence the success of grafting, probably due to antioxidant, antiradical, and antibiotic activities (Campos, Vieira, Baron, et al, 2019a,b), so it is reasonable to hypothesize that if A. emarginata s.s. and A. neosalicifolia are actually the same species, the chemical composition of A. neosalicifolia chemotype II qualifies it as a new chemotype, different from any reported for A. emarginata s.s. and could be tested as an alternative rootstock for grafting A. x atemoya.…”