Profile and Predictors of Normal Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness Measured with Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Mwanza, Jean-Claude; Durbin, Mary K; Budenz, Donald L.; Girkin, Christopher A.; Leung, Christopher Kai-Shun; Liebmann, Jeffrey M.; Peace, James; Werner, John S.; Wollstein, Gadi

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7896

Cited by 243 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The GCA algorithm compares the values with an internal normative database, and generates thickness and color-coded deviation maps, and a significance map to match GCIPL thickness, with values within the normal range in green (P = 5% -95%), borderline values in yellow (1% < P < 5%), and values outside the normal range in red (P < 1%). Details of the manner in which GCIPL thickness measurements are conducted have been given elsewhere [12], [13]. Using SD-OCT, the RNFL thickness was measured in the optic disc cube 200 × 200 scan mode.…”

Section: A Optical Coherence Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thinning in patients with visual field defect that respects the vertical meridian

Shin

Choi

Park

2014

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Abstract-Background:To compare the thinning patterns of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) as measured using Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) in patients with visual field (VF) defects that respect the vertical meridian.Methods: Twenty eyes of eleven patients with VF defects that respect the vertical meridian were enrolled retrospectively. The thicknesses of the macular GCIPL and pRNFL were measured using Cirrus HD-OCT. The 5% and 1% thinning area index (TAI) was calculated as the proportion of abnormally thin sectors at the 5% and 1% probability level within the area corresponding to the affected VF. The 5% and 1% TAI were compared between the GCIPL and pRNFL measurements.Results: The color-coded GCIPL deviation map showed a characteristic vertical thinning pattern of the GCIPL, which is also seen in the VF of patients with brain lesions. The 5% and 1% TAI were significantly higher in the GCIPL measurements than in the pRNFL measurements (all P < 0.01).Conclusions: Macular GCIPL analysis clearly visualized a characteristic topographic pattern of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in patients with VF defects that respect the vertical meridian, unlike pRNFL measurements. Macular GCIPL measurements provide more valuable information than pRNFL measurements for detecting the loss of RGCs in patients with retrograde degeneration of the optic nerve fibers.

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Section: A Optical Coherence Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thinning in patients with visual field defect that respects the vertical meridian

Shin

Choi

Park

2014

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…The mean GCIPL thickness measured by Cirrus SD-OCT and reported in adults has been similar even among different ethnicities: 82.1 AE 6.2 lm (Mwanza et al 2011) and 82.78 AE 7.0 lm (Koh et al 2012). On the contrary, the children in our series had a thicker mean GCIPL thickness (84.76 lm AE 5.46 lm).…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…To compile the database, each child underwent five axial length measurements (IOL Master, Carl Zeiss Meditec), a cycloplegic refraction and two macular scans using the ganglion cell analysis: macular cube 512 9 518 protocol with the Cirrus SD-OCT. With this protocol, the average, minimum and sectoral thicknesses of the GCIPL are measured in an elliptical annulus around the fovea. Detailed description of sectors dimensions and magnification correction is described elsewhere (Mwanza et al 2011). Images with signal strength <7 and those with visible eye motion or blinking artefacts were discarded.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adults, the independent factors associated with thinner GCIPL include thinner RNFL, older age, longer ocular axial length and male sex (or female in other series) (Mwanza et al 2011;Koh et al 2012). On the other hand, in the children of the present study, thinner GCIPL was associated with younger age, longer axial length and lower spherical equivalent.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) analysis in the macula has become a relevant examination in the assessment of different optic neuropathies (Syc et al 2012;Renard et al 2013). The GCIPL thickness has been measured with Cirrus SD-OCT in healthy adults (Mwanza et al 2011;Koh et al 2012). Likewise, analysis of discrete retinal layers in 83 healthy children using manual segmentation with Heidelberg Spectralis SD-OCT has recently been published (Yanni et al 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multicenter macular ganglion cell analysis: normative paediatric reference range

Galdós

Barrio-Barrio

Noval

et al. 2013

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Genetic and Environmental Factors Associated With the Ganglion Cell Complex in a Healthy Aging British Cohort

et al. 2017

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IMPORTANCE Measurement of ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness may be more sensitive than current methods for glaucoma diagnosis and research. However, little is known about the factors influencing GCC thickness in the general population.OBJECTIVES To investigate the heritability of and factors associated with GCC thickness in a healthy aging population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA cross-sectional twin study was conducted from August 27, 2014, to March 31, 2016, among 1657 participants of white British ancestry from the TwinsUK study cohort without ocular pathologic conditions. Heritability analyses were conducted in 1432 twins (426 monozygous and 290 dizygous pairs). Association analyses were performed using univariable and multivariable stepwise linear regression models, taking family structure into account. Heritability analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood structural equation twin modeling. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESParameters measured included GCC thickness, autorefraction, intraocular pressure, blood pressure, body mass index, and cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and urea levels. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. RESULTS Among the 1657 participants (mean [SD] age, 56.0 [15.3] years; 89.5% women and 10.5% men), the mean [SD] inner GCC thickness was 96.0 [7.6] μm (95% CI, 95.1-96.2). In multivariable modeling, the mean inner GCC thickness was associated with advancing age (β, -0.14; P < .001), increased body mass index (β, -0.15; P = .001), spherical equivalent (β, 0.70; P < .001), and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (β, 0.03; P = .02). A 1-U increase in age or body mass index was associated with a 0.14-μm and 0.15-μm decrease in GCC thickness, respectively (P < .001), while a 1-U increase in spherical equivalent or estimated glomerular filtration rate was associated with a 0.70-μm (P < .001) and 0.03-μm (P = .02) increase in GCC thickness, respectively. Ganglion cell complex thickness was not associated with sex, intraocular pressure, or diabetes. Age-adjusted GCC thickness was highly heritable, with additive genetic effects explaining 81% (95% CI, 78%-84%) of phenotypic variance and individual environmental factors explaining the remaining 19% (95% CI, 16%-22%).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Ganglion cell complex thickness appears to be highly heritable and further genetic analysis may help identify new biological pathways for glaucoma. The results suggest it may be important to account for age, body mass index, refractive error, and sex when using GCC thickness as a diagnostic tool. Replication of their results is required, as is further research to explain the association between renal function and GCC thickness.

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Profile and Predictors of Normal Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness Measured with Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Cited by 243 publications

References 48 publications

Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thinning in patients with visual field defect that respects the vertical meridian

Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thinning in patients with visual field defect that respects the vertical meridian

Multicenter macular ganglion cell analysis: normative paediatric reference range

Genetic and Environmental Factors Associated With the Ganglion Cell Complex in a Healthy Aging British Cohort

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