Proficiency of FPPI and objective numeracy in assessing breast cancer risk estimation

Weil, Audrey M.; Wolfe, Christopher R.; Reyna, Valerie F.; Widmer, Colin L.; Cedillos-Whynott, Elizabeth M.; Brust‐Renck, Priscila G.

doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.08.033

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The correlation between the FPPI and d' indicates that a more fuzzy processing preference for gist is associated with higher judgment sensitivity in judging breast cancer statistics roughly the same when warranted and otherwise discriminating differences. In previous research (Weil, et al, ; Wolfe & Fisher, ), less fuzzy preferences were associated with better use of base rates when gist and base rates were in conflict. However, those who score at the verbatim end of the FPPI may make more use of precise verbatim information, which is helpful in many instances, but perhaps not in fuzzy equality judgments.…”

Section: Discussion Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…We gave participants the FPPI, (Weil et al, ; Wolfe & Fisher, ) an instrument assessing differences in the way people integrate numerical base rates and qualitative text in making probability judgments. The FPPI has 19 items in which the presentation of the quantitative base rates and specific statements verbal information lead in opposite directions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Judgments of Approximately Equal

Wolfe

Reyna

Smith

2017

Behavioral Decision Making

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Although precision is often important in quantitative judgment, sometimes, it is valuable to recognize that two quantities are roughly the same. Fuzzy-trace theory suggests that approximately equal judgments rely on gist representations (i.e., meaningful fuzzy categories of quantity). We conducted three experiments to investigate approximately equal judgments with number pairs presented in different formats, both with and without semantic content (breast cancer statistics). In each study, the ratio of the smaller divided by larger number predicted approximately equal judgments. Experiment 1 also examined how knowledge of breast cancer, presentation format (frequencies vs. percentages), and differences in gist comprehension of breast cancer information influence fuzzy equality judgments. As predicted by the fuzzy-trace theory concept of denominator neglect, approximately equal judgments were more sensitive, as measured by signal detection theory (SDT) analyses, when presented as percentages. In both experiments with breast cancer statistics, people were more likely to judge number pairs approximately equal when they were embedded in sentences about breast cancer, and breast cancer knowledge predicted increased perception of equality, when appropriately consistent with reliable sources, and increased judgment sensitivity. In Experiment 2, a simple intervention focusing on gist meaning increased source-consistent approximately equal judgments, increased SDT judgment sensitivity, and decreased SDT response bias. In Experiment 3, using number pairs devoid of semantic context spanning four orders of magnitude, we further examined ratio similarity. Overall, more knowledgeable judges and those who better understood the gist of meaningful numbers were more likely to judge literally different numbers as "approximately equal" rather than make precise discriminations that were meaningless.

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Section: Discussion Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Judgments of Approximately Equal

Wolfe

Reyna

Smith

2017

Behavioral Decision Making

Self Cite

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“…Surprisingly, our measure of numeracy did not predict accuracy scores for the prevalence of risk. Previous research has found individual numeracy to predict the accuracy of risk estimations concerning breast cancer risk (Weil et al, 2015), general cancer risk (Vromans, 2022), and HIV (Ellis et al, 2014). It is possible that this lack of effect is because we encountered a ceiling effect, with most participants scoring very high on individual numeracy.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Individual Characteristics Associated with Perceptions of Control Over Mortality Risk and Determinants of Health Effort

Brown¹,

Sillence²,

Pepper³

2023

Preprint

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Background: People who believe they have greater control over health and longevity are typically more likely to invest in their long-term health. Investigating individual differences in perceived control over risk, and exploring different determinants of health effort, may help to tailor the promotion of preventative health to more effectively encourage healthy behaviours. Method: We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1,500 UK participants. We captured a range of socioeconomic variables and measured perceived control over 20 different causes of death. We also measured overall perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR), state-level optimism and the accuracy of estimations of avoidable deaths. Findings: We found individual differences in perceptions of control over specific causes of death based on age, gender and income. PUMR was predicted by socioeconomic variables expected to influence exposure to risk and resource availability. Overall, perceptions of control over specific causes of death did not predict self-reported health effort, whereas higher levels of PUMR did predict lower self-reported health effort. The strength of relationship between PUMR and health effort was not moderated by state-level optimism. Finally, age and education both positively predicted greater accuracy in assessing the prevalence of avoidable deaths.Conclusions: This study suggests that PUMR may capture people’s ‘general sense’ of mortality risk, influenced by both exposure to hazards and the availability of resources to avoid threats to health and longevity. Conversely, perceived control over specific risks may involve more deliberate, considered appraisals of risk. This general sense of risk is suggested to play a more notable role in determining health behaviours than specific assessments of control over risk. Further study is needed to investigate the degree to which PUMR accurately reflects objective measures of individual risk.

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“…Surprisingly, our measure of numeracy did not predict accuracy scores for the prevalence of risk. Previous research has reported that individual numeracy predicts the accuracy of risk estimations concerning breast cancer risk (Weil et al., 2015), general cancer risk (Vromans, 2022), and HIV (Ellis et al., 2014). It is possible that the lack of effect in this study is because we encountered a ceiling effect, with most participants scoring very highly for individual numeracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual characteristics associated with perceptions of control over mortality risk and determinants of health effort

Brown,

Sillence,

Pepper

2023

Risk Analysis

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People who believe they have greater control over health and longevity are typically more likely to invest in their long‐term health. Investigating individual differences in perceived control over risk and exploring different determinants of health effort may help to tailor health promotion programs to more effectively encourage healthy behaviors. From a sample of 1500 adults, we measured perceived control over 20 causes of death, overall perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR), state‐level optimism, self‐reported health effort, and the accuracy of estimations of avoidable deaths. We found individual differences in perceptions of control over specific causes of death based on age, gender, and income. PUMR was predicted by socioeconomic variables expected to influence exposure to risk and resource availability. Higher levels of PUMR, not perceptions of control over specific causes of death, predicted self‐reported health effort. The strength of relationship between PUMR and lower health effort was not moderated by state‐level optimism. Age and education both positively predicted greater accuracy in assessing the prevalence of avoidable deaths. We suggest that PUMR may capture people's “general sense” of mortality risk, influenced by both exposure to hazards and the availability of resources to avoid threats. Conversely, perceived control over specific risks may involve more deliberate, considered appraisals of risk. This general sense of risk is thought to play a more notable role in determining health behaviors than specific assessments of control over risk. Further study is needed to investigate the degree to which PUMR accurately reflects objective measures of individual risk.

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Proficiency of FPPI and objective numeracy in assessing breast cancer risk estimation

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

On Judgments of Approximately Equal

On Judgments of Approximately Equal

Individual Characteristics Associated with Perceptions of Control Over Mortality Risk and Determinants of Health Effort

Individual characteristics associated with perceptions of control over mortality risk and determinants of health effort

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