Professional standards of practice for psychologists, social workers, and counselors in SCI rehabilitation

Russell, Heather F.; Richardson, Elizabeth; Bombardier, Charles H.; Dixon, Thomas M.; Huston, Toby; Rose, Jon; Sheaffer, Dawn; Smith, Shaun; Ullrich, Philip M.

doi:10.1080/10790268.2015.1119966

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Individuals with SCI are at risk for poor adjustment to this disabling condition [2,3]. Support of mental recovery after the onset of SCI is, therefore, an important part of the multidisciplinary treatment during initial rehabilitation [4]. Focussing on strengths, such as resilience, instead of focussing on a negative mental state, contributes to the prevention of pathology and helps to maintain and even improve physical and psychological well-being [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring resilience with the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): which version to choose?

et al. 2019

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Study design Cross-sectional psychometric study. Objectives To compare psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with 25, 10, and 2 items, and to assess the agreement between these versions in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting Standard psychological screening at a Dutch rehabilitation centre during the first 2 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation. Methods Anonymous data from the psychological screening were analysed. CD-RISC outcomes were checked for floor and ceiling effects. Internal consistency was assessed by calculating Cronbach's α. Convergent validity was assessed by Spearman's correlation between resilience and anxiety, depression, passive coping, and life satisfaction. Agreement between CD-RISC versions was examined by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and Bland-Altman plots. Results Total CD-RISC scores were only skewed on the CD-RISC 2 (−1.12). There were no floor and ceiling effects. Internal consistency of the 25-, 10-, and 2-item scales was good to moderate (0.90, 0.86, and 0.66, respectively). Good convergent validity was shown only for the CD-RISC 10. Agreement was highest between the CD-RISC 25 and CD-RISC 10 with an ICC of 0.90 with 95% CI from 0.85 to 0.94. Conclusions Out of the three CD-RISC versions, the CD-RISC 10 showed the best combination of reliability, validity, and practicality. Therefore, this version is advised as measure of resilience in individuals with SCI in a rehabilitation setting. Measurement of resilience could be part of a psychological screening to identify individuals at risk to develop psychological problems after SCI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring resilience with the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): which version to choose?

et al. 2019

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“…With respect to the role of the professionals, motivating the participants was found to be one of the main aspects, also the support given by the rehabilitation team, and working together as a team (members of the rehabilitation team with patients), were found important aspects of rehabilitation [17]. In other studies, a respectful professional caring relationship was found to be the foundation for learning in rehabilitation [19,28]. In the present study, the participants stated that all these aspect also played an important role in the specific learning of appropriate self-care skills during SCI rehabilitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…As part of the quantitative study, all participants completed a disability-management self-efficacy scale, the University of Washington Self-efficacy Scale 6 item version (UW-SES-6) [24,25]. The scores on this questionnaire were divided into low (score 6-15), average (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) and high (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) based on all scores of the participants in the SELF-SCI study. We aimed to get an equal number of participants in each of the three groups, to get variation in self-efficacy that could be related to the experience of learning self-care.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning self-care skills after spinal cord injury: a qualitative study

et al. 2021

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Background People with a recent spinal cord injury (SCI) often follow intensive rehabilitation. Learning appropriate self-care, deal with their impairments and prevent secondary health conditions (SHCs), is highly important during rehabilitation. To date it is not clear how self-care skills are taught to people with SCI. The objective of this study was to understand how people with SCI experienced the learning of appropriate self-care skills during inpatient rehabilitation, including the role of the rehabilitation team. Methods Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 people with SCI, recently discharged from initial inpatient rehabilitation. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results Two main themes and seven sub-themes were identified. Participants stated that the contribution of the rehabilitation team to learning self-care, including prevention of SHCs, was mostly made by optimizing opportunities to learn through experience. For preventing SHCs, education and lessons learned from the professionals during therapy and the formal educational program, was experienced as especially important. Further, the motivational attitude of the professionals which participants found stimulating and was based on respect, combined with their positive contribution as one team, were seen as essentials elements for learning appropriate self-care. However participants did not recognize the contribution of the nursing staff as part of their rehabilitation, although it was seen as very important. An important aspect of the participants’ own contribution was challenging oneself to learn self-care. This was done in different ways by the participants. Further, their own mental adjustment was considered important in the learning process. The gaining of confidence was by most participants seen as personal characteristic, although they also recognized the importance of the team effort and the experiences they underwent. Conclusions Learning appropriate self-care was mostly done through experience, by challenging themselves, and making use of the opportunities given by the members of the rehabilitation team. The same strategies used by the rehabilitation team to teach people with SCI to perform appropriate self-care, were also helpful for the participants to gain confidence. Explicit attention for self-care training as an important goal in SCI rehabilitation may strengthen the nursing staff’s role and stimulate interdisciplinary working.

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“…This might not be surprising given the inter-relatedness of the expression and aetiology of SCI-related PTSD or anxiety/ depression symptoms [9]. Therefore, persons with a recently acquired SCI should be routinely screened for PTSD, anxiety, and depression [31]. Such a standard psychological screening should include well-validated instruments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and pain intensity in persons with spinal cord injury

et al. 2021

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Study design Cross-sectional.Objectives To examine the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and pain intensity, taking symptoms of anxiety and depression into account within persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting Persons with SCI, who visited a Dutch rehabilitation centre between 2005 and 2010, were invited to complete a survey. Methods PTSD symptoms were measured with the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ), pain intensity with an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and symptoms of anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). To determine associations between PTSD symptoms and pain intensity, linear regression analyses were performed. Confounding variables representing anxiety and depression were added to the final model. Results In total, 175 participants (55.8% traumatic, 29.1% complete) were included (response rate of 31.7%). Of them, 11.4% had clinically relevant symptoms of probable PTSD (TSQ score ≥ 6) 69.8% experienced moderate to severe pain levels (NRS ≥ 4), 14.9% had symptoms of anxiety and 20.8% symptoms of depression (HADS scores ≥ 11). Levels of PTSD symptoms were strongly associated with symptoms of anxiety (0.54) and depression (0.49). Bivariate analyses showed a moderate significant association (0.30) between PTSD symptoms and pain intensity. This association became small (0.10) when anxiety and depression comorbidity were factored into the final regression model. Conclusions No independent association between PTSD symptoms and pain intensity was shown when adjusted for anxiety and depression. Results of this study suggest the usefulness of screening for PTSD in persons with SCI (regardless of injury cause or type/level) who score high on symptoms of anxiety/depression.

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Professional standards of practice for psychologists, social workers, and counselors in SCI rehabilitation

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Measuring resilience with the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): which version to choose?

Measuring resilience with the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): which version to choose?

Learning self-care skills after spinal cord injury: a qualitative study

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and pain intensity in persons with spinal cord injury

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