Professional point

Welch, Bryant

doi:10.1037/e382482004-023

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…According to DeLeon et al (1991), consumers are often not provided with full information about the operation and the financial arrangements of their managed care plan. Such plans tend to emphasize the favorable comparisons between their services and those of competing health organizations (Welch, 1986). Other aspects of their services that directly affect quality of and access to health care, such as long delays in scheduling of nonemergency services, confidentiality issues, and excessively long procedures in applying for psychological care, are not readily apparent until the consumer needs services.…”

Section: Consumer/provider Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, many individuals who are non-English speaking or have limited education find managed care's maze of bureaucratic procedures confusing, intimidating, and anxiety provoking, and they may choose to avoid them altogether (Welch, 1986). For example, Guendalman and Whitt (1992) reported that many Hispanic pregnant women enrolled in an HMO felt intimidated by their HMO's bureaucratic procedures and consequently feared and avoided using their services.…”

Section: Consumer/provider Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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At the crossroads: Managed mental health care, the ethics code, and ethnic minorities.

Turner

2002

Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Mental health clinicians are facing an increasing number of ethical problems related to the delivery of managed mental health care services to ethnic minorities. The authors argue that (a) economic pressures have led to the development of the managed health care movement; (b) the combination of such economic pressures and the development of that managed care movement have influenced the promulgated ethical standards of the American Psychological Association; and (c) those influences may have a negative impact on the mental health services available to ethnic minority individuals and communities. The authors review some of the specific potential threats to mental health services for minorities in the face of such health management policy and psychologists' professional standards.

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Section: Consumer/provider Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consumer/provider Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

At the crossroads: Managed mental health care, the ethics code, and ethnic minorities.

Turner

2002

Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology

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“…There is some evidence to suggest that, as managed care has become a popular concept, it has shifted somewhat toward an access-denying and cost-controlling mode (cf. Welch, 1986aWelch, , 1986bBuie, 1987Buie, , 1989aBuie, , 1989bBuie, , 1990GAO, 1988). There is no reason that it needs to be this way.…”

Section: Rote Of Evaluation Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S. mental health policy: Proactive evolution in the midst of health care reform.

VandenBos¹

1993

American Psychologist

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“…For example, in Florida, numerous complaints prompted the US. General Accounting Office to conduct an investigation of the new Medicare HMOs (Welch, 1986a). GAO found these HMOs to be underregulated by the federal government and that the regulations that did exist were not being enforced-to the detriment of the HMOs' Medicare patients (GAO, 1988).…”

Section: Problems and Current Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of HMOs in the Medicare program has not been without problems and criticisms. The potential negative impact on quality of psychological care was noted relatively early in the process of using HMOs with Medicare (Welch, 1986a). The potential for physicians to abuse the economic incentives available to them was also cited (Welch, 1986b).…”

Section: Managed Health Care As a National Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Managed mental health care: A history of the federal policy initiative.

DeLeon¹,

VandenBos²,

Bulatao³

1991

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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The Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Act of 1973, which sought to balance quality health care against cost-containment efforts, gave rise to the rapid growth of managed health care systems, especially HMOs. This article traces the legislative history of HMOs, the inclusion of mental health care benefits, the recognition of psychologists under Medicare law as autonomous health care providers, and other legislative issues. The expansion of managed health care organizations in the national health care system has generated considerable debate about the quality of physical health and mental health services, access to needed care, and the administrative and financial operations affecting consumer-provider relations.The true beginning of the modern concept of managed health care is somewhat obscure. There are events in the early 1900s that could lead one to agree to a date like 1904 or 1906. With the Ross-Loos Clinic becoming operational in 1929, that year has a good claim. The Depression-era efforts of Kaiser Permanente became fully recognized in 1945, so that date stands out. The passage of the federal Health Maintenance Organization Act in 1973 can be viewed as a central date as well.The lumbering and mining industries operating in the Pacific Northwest in the early 1900s provided the site of an early prepayment plan-that is, the provision of a set package of health care services by an identified provider for a preestablished fee. The Western Clinic, a fee-for-service partnership in Tacoma, Washington, is reported to be one of the first prepaid group practices. In 1906, two physicians contracted to provide medical care for lumber employees for 50« per individual per month. Physicians in private practice in Tacoma, in opposition to the prepaid concept, organized the Pierce County Medical Service Bureau and attempted to limit competition and became a predecessor of county medical societies (Bennett, 1988;Flinn, McMahon, & Collins, 1987).The combination of prepayment schemes with group prac-

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Professional point

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

At the crossroads: Managed mental health care, the ethics code, and ethnic minorities.

At the crossroads: Managed mental health care, the ethics code, and ethnic minorities.

U.S. mental health policy: Proactive evolution in the midst of health care reform.

Managed mental health care: A history of the federal policy initiative.

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