Proenkephalin-A mRNA Is Widely Expressed in Tissues of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Monstein, Hans‐Jürg; Grahn, Niclas; Ohlsson, Bodil

doi:10.1159/000095414

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The genes PENK and INS were significantly over-expressed in 0-d-old chickens ( P-value < 9.0 × 10 −4 , 6.23 fold change, and P-value < 3.5 × 10 −3 , 14.72 fold change, respectively), and VEGFD was borderline over-expressed in 0-d-old chickens ( P-value < 7.8 × 10 −2 ). The former finding is in agreement with studies showing that PENK mRNA is expressed in the human esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder (Monstein et al, 2006) and enkephalins, such as PENK, have potent effects on gastrointestinal function, such as motility (Edin et al, 1980; Bitar and Makhlouf, 1982; Reynolds et al, 1984), intestinal secretion (Dobbins et al, 1980; McKay et al, 1981; Powell, 1981), and gastric acid secretion (Konturek et al, 1980; Feldman et al, 1980). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Genome-wide census and expression profiling of chicken neuropeptide and prohormone convertase genes

et al. 2010

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Neuropeptides regulate cell-cell signaling and influence many biological processes in vertebrates, including development, growth, and reproduction. The complex processing of neuropeptides from prohormone proteins by prohormone convertases, combined with the evolutionary distance between the chicken and mammalian species that have experienced extensive neuropeptide research, has led to the empirical confirmation of only 18 chicken prohormone proteins. To expand our knowledge of the neuropeptide and prohormone convertase gene complement, we performed an exhaustive survey of the chicken genomic, EST, and proteomic databases using a list of 95 neuropeptide and 7 prohormone convertase genes known in other species. Analysis of the EST resources and 22 microarray studies offered a comprehensive portrait of gene expression across multiple conditions. Five neuropeptide genes (apelin, cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein, insulin-like 5, neuropeptide S, and neuropeptide B) previously unknown in chicken were identified and 62 genes were confirmed. Although most neuropeptide gene families known in human are present in chicken, there are several gene not present in the chicken. Conversely, several chicken neuropeptide genes are absent from mammalian species, including C-RF amide, c-type natriuretic peptide 1 precursor, and renal natriuretic peptide. The prohormone convertases, with one exception, were found in the chicken genome. Bioinformatic models used to predict prohormone cleavages confirm that the processing of prohormone proteins into neuropeptides is similar between species. Neuropeptide genes are most frequently expressed in the brain and head, followed by the ovary and small intestine. Microarray analyses revealed that the expression of adrenomedullin, chromogranin-A, augurin, neuromedin-U, platelet-derived growth factor A and D, proenkephalin, relaxin-3, prepronociceptin, and insulin-like growth factor I was most susceptible (P-value < 0.001) to changes in developmental stage, gender, and genetic line among other conditions studied. Our complete survey and characterization facilitates understanding of neuropeptides genes in the chicken, an animal of importance to biomedical and agricultural research.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Genome-wide census and expression profiling of chicken neuropeptide and prohormone convertase genes

et al. 2010

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“…In previous studies [10,38,39] , we have used seminested PCR combined with Southern blot analyses to reveal the presence of neuropeptide and neuropeptide receptors in the same human tissue biopsy specimens. In the present study, we have improved the technique by means of seminested PCR combined with direct sequencing of the PCR amplicons, using M13, SP6, or T7 sequence tags ( table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasopressin Receptor mRNA Expression in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Monstein¹,

Truedsson

Ryberg

et al. 2007

Eur Surg Res

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Background/Aim: Vasopressin and oxytocin are closely related peptides, and both exert effects on the gastrointestinal function. In the present study, we wanted to map the expression of vasopressin receptor mRNAs (V1a, V1b/V3, and V2) in nontumorous tissue biopsy specimens of human gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissues. Methods: Total and polyA+ RNAs were isolated from human tissue biopsy specimens using an automated nucleic acid extractor and, subsequently, converted into single-stranded cDNA. Seminested PCR amplifications were carried out, using gene-specific V1a, V1b/V3, and V2 receptor primers. The PCR amplicons were partially sequenced to confirm their identity. Results: The present study demonstrated the expression of vasopressin receptor mRNAs in human gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, kidney, lung, brain, and ovary. The expression pattern varied between different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In the colon ascendens, V1a receptor mRNA expression could not be detected in 3 out of 4 analyzed tissue biopsy specimens. On the other hand, all the vasopressin receptor mRNAs were expressed in all colon transversum biopsy samples. Conclusions: V1a, V1b/V3, and V2 receptor mRNAs are widely expressed throughout human gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissues. The data obtained provide information for further mapping and determination of the physiological role of the vasopressin receptor mRNA expression in normal and tumorous tissues.

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“…Chronic inflammation increased KOR and DOR protein levels in the whole jejunum and mucosa (524). Pro-Enk A mRNA expression is widely expressed in human GI tract, esophagus, pancreas and gallbladder (794). An inherent acceleratory effect of insulin on small intestinal transit could be observed in naloxone-induced inhibition of this response (889).…”

Section: B Intestinal Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2009

Bodnar

2010

Peptides

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Proenkephalin-A mRNA Is Widely Expressed in Tissues of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Genome-wide census and expression profiling of chicken neuropeptide and prohormone convertase genes

Genome-wide census and expression profiling of chicken neuropeptide and prohormone convertase genes

Vasopressin Receptor mRNA Expression in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2009

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