Products of lipid, protein and RNA oxidation as signals and regulators of gene expression in plants

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are engaged in several processes essential for normal cell functioning, such as differentiation, anti-microbial defense, stimulus sensing and signaling. Interestingly, recent studies imply that cellular signal transduction and gene regulation are mediated not only directly by ROS but also by the molecules derived from ROS-mediated oxidation. Lipid peroxidation leads to non-enzymatic formation of oxylipins. These molecules were shown to modulate expression of signaling associated genes including genes encoding phosphatases, kinases and transcription factors. Oxidized peptides derived from protein oxidation might be engaged in organelle-specific ROS signaling. In turn, oxidation of particular mRNAs leads to decrease in the level of encoded proteins and thus, contributes to the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Present mini review summarizes latest findings concerning involvement of products of lipid, protein and RNA oxidation in signal transduction and gene regulation.

Systemic changes in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii

“…One of the consequences of mRNA oxidation is ribosome stalling, which causes a slowdown of translation (Simms et al ., ). This could explain the often occurring simultaneous defects in protein synthesis (Chmielowska‐Bąk et al ., ). We demonstrated a significantly higher level of RNA oxidation marker in total RNA extracted from infected plants at 3 and 5 dpi (Fig.…”

Metabolic Processes During Seed Germination

“…Guanine is the most frequently oxidized base in RNA leads to the accumulation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG). Oxidative damage to mRNA results in the inhibition of protein synthesis and in protein degradation [104]. Oxidation of protein by ROS result in alteration of protein functions due to enzymatic and binding properties modifications [105].…”

NADPH oxidase is involved in regulation of gene expression and ROS overproduction in soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings exposed to cadmium

“…For example, a shift in the ascorabte/dehydroascorbate system towards an oxidized state results in inhibition of the cell cycle [32]. Lastly, it is postulated that ROS-mediated oxidation processes induce the formation of new signaling molecules, such as oxylipins and small signaling peptides [33,34].…”