Productivity of common flax varieties depending on fertiliser

Abstract

Modern flax varieties have a high genetic potential for productivity, which can be realised by improving the elements of cultivation technology, in particular, the fertilisation system, which is why the study is relevant. The purpose of the study was to investigate the regularities of the development of productivity of common flax plants and determine changes in quality indicators depending on the application of improved agrotechnological techniques in the soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. The following methods were used: field, laboratory (to determine qualitative indicators), and statistical (to assess the reliability of data). Field studies were conducted during 2021- 2023 on grey forest surface-gleyed soils. The features of growth and development of common flax varieties Miandr, Oberih, Usivskyi and Ivanivskyi were studied using the following fertiliser rates: N20P40K60; N30P60K90; N45P90K135. It was found that the productivity of common flax varied depending on the dose of mineral fertilisers and varietal characteristics. On average, in 2021-2023, the growing season of common flax lasted 91-94 days (depending on the variety and mineral nutrition of plants). The highest yield of flax straw (4.37 t/ha) was obtained on average for 2021-2023 in the Oberih variety, subject to the application of a dose of mineral fertilisers N30P60K90. The increase over control was 0.52 t/ha (13.51%). The yield of straw in the Miandr variety varied from 3.59 t/ha (in the control) to 4.31 t/ha (with the application of N45P90K135), for the Usivskyi variety – 3.97-4.17 t/ha, for the Ivanivskyi variety – 3.12-3.81 t/ha. In terms of seed yield, the highest indicators on average for 2021-2023 were obtained from the Miandr variety, provided that a dose of mineral fertilisers N45P90K135 was used – 1.26 t/ha. The control yield was 0.88 t/ha. A similar trend was observed in the Oberih variety with seed yield indicators of 0.93 t/ha and 0.58 t/ha in the control. The seed yield of the Miandr variety exceeded the indicator of the Oberih variety by 0.33 t/ha against the background of fertiliser N45P90K135. Against this background, fertilisation resulted in the highest seed yields in the varieties Usivskyi (0.99 t/ha) and Ivanivskyi (0.91 t/ha), which was 0.17 t/ha (20.73%) and 0.07 t/ha (8.33%) higher than the control variant, respectively. The results of these studies can be used to adjust the elements of the technology of growing common flax in production conditions to increase the yield and quality of fibre