Productivity in Red Raspberries

Dale, Adam

doi:10.1002/9781118060841.ch6

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Reviews of N research in caneberries were done by Dale (1989) and Strik (2008). In blackberry, the impact of N fertilization rate on yield varies among the types and cultivars, growing regions, and probably the soil type (Archbold et al, 1989;Chaplin and Martin, 1980;Dale, 1989;DeGomez et al, 1986;Heiberg, 2002;Kowalenko, 1994b;Kowalenko et al, 2000;Lawson and Waister, 1972;Lockshin and Elfving, 1981;Mohadjer et al, 2001;Naraguma and Clark, 1998;Nelson and Martin, 1986;Papp et al, 1984;Rempel et al, 2004;Rincon and Salas, 1987;Smolarz et al, 1982;Spiers, 1993). In biennialfruiting types, N application in one season may affect both the current yield of the floricanes, mainly through increased fruit size, and the next season's yield, through its impact on primocane growth and flower bud development (e.g., Lawson and Waister, 1972).…”

Section: Fertilizer Source and Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and Partitioning of Nutrients in Blackberry and Raspberry and Evaluating Plant Nutrient Status for Accurate Assessment of Fertilizer Requirements

Strik

Bryla

2015

hortte

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Raspberry and blackberry (Rubus sp.) plantings have a relatively low nutrient requirement compared with many other perennial fruit crops. Knowledge of annual accumulation of nutrients and periods of rapid uptake allows for better management of fertilization programs. Annual total nitrogen (N) accumulation in the aboveground plant ranged from 62 to 110 and 33 to 39 lb/acre in field-grown red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and blackberry (Rubus ssp. rubus), respectively. Research on the fate of applied 15N (a naturally occurring istope of N) has shown that primocanes rely primarily on fertilizer N for growth, whereas floricane growth is highly dependent on stored N in the over-wintering primocanes, crown, and roots; from 30% to 40% of stored N was allocated to new growth. Plants receiving higher rates of N fertilizer took up more N, often leading to higher N concentrations in the tissues, including the fruit. Reallocation of N from senescing floricanes and primocane leaves to canes, crown, and roots has been documented. Accumulation of other macro- and micronutrients in plant parts usually preceded growth. Primocanes generally contained the highest concentration of most nutrients during the growing season, except calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), which often were more concentrated in roots. Roots typically contained the highest concentration of all nutrients during winter dormancy. Nutrient partitioning varied considerably among elements due to different nutrient concentrations and requirements in each raspberry and blackberry plant part. This difference not only affected the proportion of each nutrient allocated to plant parts, but also the relative amount of each nutrient lost or removed during harvest, leaf senescence, and pruning. Macro- and micronutrient concentrations are similar for raspberry and blackberry fruit, resulting in a similar quantity of nutrient removed with each ton of fruit at harvest; however, yield may differ among cultivars and production systems. Nutrient removal in harvested red raspberry and blackberry fruit ranged from 11 to 18 lb/acre N, 10 to 19 lb/acre potassium (K), 2 to 4 lb/acre phosphorus (P), 1 to 2 lb/acre Ca, and 1 to 4 lb/acre magnesium (Mg). Pruning senescing floricanes in August led to greater plant nutrient losses than pruning in autumn. Primocane leaf nutrient status is often used in nutrient management programs. Leaf nutrient concentrations differ with primocane leaf sampling time and cultivar. In Oregon, the present recommended sampling time of late July to early August is acceptable for floricane-fruiting raspberry and blackberry types, and primocane-fruiting raspberry, but not for primocane-fruiting blackberry, where sampling leaves on primocane branches during the green fruit stage is recommended. Presently published leaf tissue standards appear to be too high for K in primocane-fruiting raspberry and blackberry, which is not surprising since the primocanes are producing fruit at the time of sampling and fruit contain a substantial amount of K.

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Section: Fertilizer Source and Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and Partitioning of Nutrients in Blackberry and Raspberry and Evaluating Plant Nutrient Status for Accurate Assessment of Fertilizer Requirements

Strik

Bryla

2015

hortte

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“…Fruit number per lateral is influenced by lateral length and nodes per lateral (Dale, 1976). Fruit size is influenced by ovule number, drupelet size, and number (Dale, 1989). Dale (1989) summarized first-year cane and second-year fruiting yield components for raspberry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruit size is influenced by ovule number, drupelet size, and number (Dale, 1989). Dale (1989) summarized first-year cane and second-year fruiting yield components for raspberry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation and Covariation of Yield and Phytochemical Traits in a Red Raspberry Factorial Study

Stephens¹,

Scalzo²,

Alspach³

et al. 2009

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Breeding for high yield is a major objective of most small fruit breeding programs worldwide. In recent years, research associated with health benefits of berry fruit has resulted in some breeding programs looking for material with improved health properties with the goal of incorporating these into genotypes with high yield and other favorable agronomic characters. In this study, we estimated variance components, heritabilities, and phenotypic and genotypic correlations for yield components and phytochemicals [total phenolics (TPH), antioxidant activity (FRAP), and total anthocyanins (TACY)] from 828 genotypes in a red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) factorial mating design based on 42 full-sib families derived from seven female and six male parents harvested in one season in New Zealand. Narrow sense heritability estimates varied from moderately low [0.23 for percent budburst (PCBB)] to high [0.82 for mean berry weight (BWT)]. Highest genotypic correlations with total yield (TYLD) were found for mean cane length (0.60) followed by moderate correlations for PCBB (0.38), BWT (0.34) and fruit number per unit lateral (0.31). For these four components, the correlation between the product of the empirical breeding values (eBV) and TYLD was as good (0.67) as the correlation between the product of the seven yield components measured (0.68). Moderately high negative genotypic correlations were found between TYLD and TPH (–0.67), FRAP (–0.68), and TACY (–0.64), suggesting that breeding for high-yielding genotypes may result in reduced phytochemical levels. A pigment-deficient R. parvifolius × R. idaeus hybrid derivative parent (R. parv deriv) had the most influence on berry weight as a yield component. Removal of the R. parv deriv progeny from the analysis increased the contribution of berry weight to total yield. Heritability estimates were generally lower when the R. parv deriv crosses were omitted, particularly for number of canes BWT, TYLD, and the phytochemicals. Implications of R. parv deriv crosses on these results are discussed. Of the 828 genotypes, only five had an eBV for total yield greater than that of the best yielding parent, whereas 49 had larger berries than the best parent. None of the 828 genotypes had an eBV for yield components or phytochemicals less than that of the lowest parent, whereas 13 had a higher eBV associated with phytochemicals than that of the highest parent.

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“…Higher yield involves the interaction of many factors and has been extensively reviewed (Dale 1989 ;Daubeny 1996 ;Jennings 1988 ;Finn and Hancock 2008 ;Hall et al 2009 ) . Yield is infl uenced by cane number, diameter, vigor, height, internode length, lateral number per cane, percentage bud break, number of fruit per lateral, and fruit size (drupelet size, weight, and number) (Jennings and Dale 1982 ;Dale 1989 ) .…”

Section: Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yield is infl uenced by cane number, diameter, vigor, height, internode length, lateral number per cane, percentage bud break, number of fruit per lateral, and fruit size (drupelet size, weight, and number) (Jennings and Dale 1982 ;Dale 1989 ) . In fl oricane-fruiting types, a key to reliable yield is the ability of the genotype to balance yield and vegetative production of primocanes.…”

Section: Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Raspberry

Kempler

Hall²,

Finn

2011

Fruit Breeding

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The red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., is a valuable crop that has recently increased in production, generating a large interest in commercial ventures and in research. Traditionally, most of the crop has been sold to processors for freezing, jam production, canning, juice and fl avorings for ice cream, yogurt, and other products, but in recent years fresh market production has increased and become a very important sector of this industry. There has been an increased interest in black, purple, and Arctic raspberries because of their high nutraceutical value. R. idaeus, a diploid (2 n = 14), is included in the Idaeobatus and is the most important commercial species in this subgenus. The fl owers are hermaphroditic; however, in some cases, they are unisexual, especially among wild species. Domestication of raspberries is comparably recent as it occurred less than 500 years ago. Red raspberries are widely distributed in all temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America with the greatest diversity in China. Enriching the cultivated gene pool by incorporating the unique genetics from wild germplasm to meet the challenges that lie ahead is desired. Breeding goals are the improvement of fruit quality which includes selection for better preharvest hanging ability and postharvest shelf life and processed quality. Resistance to heat and cold and resistance to pests and disease are also important, as well as large fruit size, good presentation, and ease of harvest. Fruit color of the newer cultivars varies from very dark red to a light orange-red and there has become a tradition of cultivar selection (eds.), Fruit Breeding, Handbook of Plant Breeding 8, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_8, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 264 C. Kempler et al.specifi cally for processing or for fresh market. There are now approximately 50 active raspberry breeding programs in 26 countries, mostly in Europe and North America. Use of molecular markers for genetic studies and mapping is referenced; however, in this crop, it is at an early stage with only a few genes mapped.

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Productivity in Red Raspberries

Cited by 19 publications

References 105 publications

Uptake and Partitioning of Nutrients in Blackberry and Raspberry and Evaluating Plant Nutrient Status for Accurate Assessment of Fertilizer Requirements

Uptake and Partitioning of Nutrients in Blackberry and Raspberry and Evaluating Plant Nutrient Status for Accurate Assessment of Fertilizer Requirements

Genetic Variation and Covariation of Yield and Phytochemical Traits in a Red Raspberry Factorial Study

Raspberry

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