Productivity, essential oil yield, and heavy metal accumulation in lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) under varied wastewater–groundwater irrigation regimes

Lal, Khajanchi; Yadav, Rajender Kumar; Kaur, Ravinder; Bundela, D. S.; Khan, M. Inayat; Chaudhary, Madhu; Meena, R. K.; Dar, S. R.; Singh, Gurbachan

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.01.004

Cited by 84 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…However, careful analysis of the extracted essential oils from plants grown at all the conditions tested showed that neither the quality and the content of the oils were altered significantly, nor detectable amounts of heavy metals were found in these oils. These results are also in agreement with Zheljazkov et al, (2006Zheljazkov et al, ( , 2008a, who examined other aromatic plants or some plants common with our study but in different experimental conditions and heavy metal concentrations, with Stancheva et al, (2010) who examined the sage essential oil quality on a contaminated field experiment, with Lal et al, (2013) who examined essential oils and heavy metal accumulation in lemon grass, and with Affholder et al, (2013) who examined the quality of essential oil extracted from leaves of rosemary grown in an old smelter site. Our study supports the idea of utilizing heavy metal contaminated areas for the production of alternative goods, more specifically products from aromatic and medicinal plants with high added value, such as essential oils, the market of which expands globally.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils

2016

Issue 3

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CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN HEAVY METAL-CONTAMINATED SOILSLYDAKIS-SIMANTIRIS N. ABSTRACTThe growing number of polluted land areas makes the question of rehabilitation and safe/effective use of these areas increasingly imperative. For land polluted by heavy metals, the possibility of transferring the toxic pollutants to humans through the food chain further increases the importance of the safe management of polluted lands. We examined the possibility of using heavy metal-polluted areas for growing specific aromatic plants, which can be used either as food herbs/infusions, or to produce high value products. In a pot experiment, chamomile, sage and thyme plants were exposed to a range of concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Ni in the soil. Toxic metal levels were determined in the roots, leaves and flowers (for chamomile) of the plants. All three plants accumulated relatively high amounts of metals in their roots, whereas the aboveground parts exhibited lower accumulation capacity. Regardless the levels of metal accumulation, the quality of essential oils from chamomile, sage, and thyme was not affected and in all cases the extracted essential oils were free of heavy metals. Our results suggest that the aromatic plants under study cannot be consumed either as food additives or as infusions. However, under strict control of the cultivations, heavy metal-contaminated areas can be used for the production of essential oils from aromatic plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils

2016

Issue 3

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“…Depending on the nutrients, wastewater may be a potential source of macro-(N, P and K) and micronutrients (Ca, Mg, B, Mg, Fe, Mn or Zn) [38][39][40]. Indeed, wastewater reuse has been proven to improve crop yield [37,[41][42][43][44] and result in the reduced use of fertilizers in agriculture [45][46][47][48]. Therefore, eutrophication conditions in water bodies would be reduced, as would the expenses for agrochemicals used by farmers [3,49].…”

Section: Benefits Of Agricultural Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: A Review about Its Limitations and Benefits

2017

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For centuries, wastewater has been improperly used in agriculture, presenting potential risks to public health and the environment. In the context of scientific development, and confronted by an increasing water crisis, wastewater reuse merits consideration because the practice helps decrease water use pressure and moderates water pollution. Thus, this article presents a literature review that addresses the effects, both positive and negative, of wastewater use in agriculture, emphasizing the effects on the soil environment. The literature review reveals that, until the 1990s, research studies promoted the use of wastewater for irrigation purposes from a treatment approach, while proposing "end of pipe" conventional solutions. However, more recent research studies (2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) reveal that agricultural reuse significantly affects soil texture properties, while also causing possible alterations of the biomass and microbiota. In addition, research in this period has been oriented to the quantitative evaluation of microbiological risk.

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“…Finally, it has been confirmed that heavy metals remain in the extracted plant residues in the process of oil extraction by steam distillation; extracted essential oil is free from any risk and can be acceptable in the market (Scora and Chang, 1997;Zheljazkov and Nielsen, 1996a,b;Zheljazkov et al, 2006). Another benefit of using distillation process is the elimination of the health concerns due to human bacterial pathogens because of the heat applied during oil extraction (Lal et al, 2013). Mostly, the main uses of essential oil in non-edible purposes are the manufacturing of soaps, detergents, insect repellent preparations, cosmetics and perfumes, therefore, it appears to be a feasible selection for avoiding widespread food chain (metal) contamination and using contaminated land for aromatic crops' cultivation.…”

Section: Motives Behind Using Aromatic Plantsmentioning

confidence: 94%