Productivity and management of rice–wheat cropping systems: issues and challenges

Timsina, Jagadish; Connor, David J.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4290(00)00143-x

Cited by 720 publications

(367 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Rice-wheat is a major cropping sequence in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia; covering over 13.5 million ha in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan and source of livelihood to millions of people (Ladha et al 2000; Timsina and Connor 2001). The problems of post Green Revolution due to intensive farming, imbalance use of fertilizers and faulty irrigation practices cause soil degradation and depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC), water resources and environment pollution leading to stagnation or decline in yields of the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) in many parts of South Asia (Timsina and Connor 2001; Ladha et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problems of post Green Revolution due to intensive farming, imbalance use of fertilizers and faulty irrigation practices cause soil degradation and depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC), water resources and environment pollution leading to stagnation or decline in yields of the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) in many parts of South Asia (Timsina and Connor 2001; Ladha et al 2003). Cultivation of conventional puddled rice has led to over-exploitation of groundwater leading to an alarming fall of water table in many parts of North-western India (Humphreys et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing soil properties and nutrient availability under conservation agriculture practices in a reclaimed sodic soil in cereal-based systems of North-West India

Jat

Datta

Sharma

et al. 2017

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

198

116

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Soil quality degradation associated with resources scarcity is the major concern for the sustainability of conventional rice-wheat system in South Asia. Replacement of conventional management practices with conservation agriculture (CA) is required to improve soil quality. A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of CA on soil physical (bulk density, penetration resistance, infiltration) and chemical (N, P, K, S, micronutrients) properties after 4 years in North-West India. There were four scenarios (Sc) namely conventional rice-wheat cropping system (Sc1); partial CA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system (RWMS) (Sc2); CA-based RWMS (Sc3); and CA-based maize-wheat-mungbean (Sc4) system. Sc2 (1.52 Mg m−3) showed significantly lower soil bulk density (BD). In Sc3 and Sc4, soil penetration resistance (SPR) was reduced and infiltration was improved compared to Sc1. Soil organic C was significantly higher in Sc4 than Sc1. Available N was 33% and 68% higher at 0–15 cm depth in Sc3 and Sc4, respectively, than Sc1. DTPA extractable Zn and Mn were significantly higher under Sc3 and Sc4 compared to Sc1. Omission study showed 30% saving in N and 50% in K in wheat after four years. Therefore, CA improved soil properties and nutrient availability and have potential to reduce external fertilizer inputs in long run.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing soil properties and nutrient availability under conservation agriculture practices in a reclaimed sodic soil in cereal-based systems of North-West India

Jat

Datta

Sharma

et al. 2017

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

198

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This model was introduced as a decision-supporting tool and its performance has been assessed for rice-wheat cropping systems to increase land and resource use efficiency (Timsina and Connor, 2001;Sarkar and Kar, 2006;Timsina and Humphreys, 2006). The model has been evaluated in a number of agro-environments and crop management strategies (Cheyglinted et al, 2001;Singh et al, 2007;Vilayvong et al, 2012;Yao et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSM-CERES-Rice model to determine management strategies for lowland rice production

Vilayvong

Banterng

Patanothai

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The cropping system model, namely, the crop environment resource synthesis-rice (CSM-CERES-Rice) model, is a decision supporting tool for the design of crop management. This study aimed to determine management practices for increasing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Laos by using the CSM-CERES-Rice model. The model was evaluated with data sets from the TDK8 and TDK11 cultivars in farmers' fields in the Vientiane plain in 2012. Anthesis and harvesting dates, growth and yield for various management scenario combinations (eight transplanting dates × two levels of plant densities × three rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application) for both cultivars were simulated by the model from 1980 to 2012. The model evaluation results showed strong agreement between simulated and observed data for days to harvest with a difference within four days. The model provided acceptable accuracy for grain yields with normalized root mean square error values ranging between 1 and 16 %. The results from the model application indicated that TDK8 and TDK11 produced similar yields. Transplanting TDK8 with two plant densities produced similar yields. The highest yield for both cultivars was achieved on the transplanting date of 15 Jan. N-fertilizer application at 60 and 120 kg N ha −1 was able to increase yield for TDK8 by 50 and 87 %, respectively, and for TDK11 by 54 and 70 %, respectively. Rice transplanted on 15 Jan with 5 seedlings hill −1 and N-fertilizer at 120 kg N ha −1 had the highest average yield for both cultivars with 6,460 and 6,351 kg ha −1 for TDK8 and TDK11, respectively. The CSM-CERES-Rice model is an alternative tool in determining crop management practices for rice production.

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“…The causes of this decline may include changes in biochemical and physical composition of the soil organic matter, depletion and diminution in bio-availability of soil nutrients, scarcity of surface water and groundwater, as well as poor water quality (salinity), and pest population increase (Abrol, 1999;Ladha et al, 2000;Timsina and Connor, 2001). Consequently, these areas will require an integrated management strategy, including the use of biotechnology to improve not only the crop itself, but also the interaction of its roots with soil microbial partners, such as the bacterial community and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth stage, fertiliser management and bio-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria affect the rhizobacterial community structure in rain-fed wheat fields

Roesti

Gaur

Johri

et al. 2006

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

193

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The goal of this study was first to assess the dynamics of the bacterial community during a growing season in three Indian rain-fed wheat fields which differ mainly through their fertilizer management and yield and then to study the effects of PGPR/AMF bio-inoculations on the bacterial community structure and wheat growth. The bacterial community structure of the rhizosphere soil (RS) and the rhizoplane/endorhizosphere (RE) was determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Seed treatments consisted of consortia of two PGPR strains alone or combined with AMF or AMF alone. The PGPR strains were Pseudomonas spp. which included some or all of the following plant growth promoting properties: phosphate solubilisation and production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and diacetyl-phloroglucinol. The mycorrhizal inoculum was an indigenous AMF consortium isolated from the field with the lowest level of fertilization and yield. Variation partitioning analysis of the DGGE data indicated a predominant effect of the wheat growth stage (30.4% of the variance, PZ0.001) over the type of field (9.0%, PZ0.027) on the bacterial community structure in the RE. The impact of plant age in the RS was less than in the RE and the bacterial community structure of the field with the highest input of fertilization was very different from the low input fields. The bio-inoculants induced a significant modification in the bacterial community structure. In the RS, the bacterial consortia explained 28.3% (PZ0.001) and the presence of AMF 10.6% (PZ0.02) of the variance and the same trend was observed in the RE. Plant yield or grain quality was either increased or remained unaffected. For example, protein content was significantly higher in the treated plants' grain compared to the control plants; maximum values were obtained when the PGPR were co-inoculated with the AMF. The percentage of root colonization by AMF was significantly higher in the treatments containing a mycorrhizal inoculum than in the untreated control and remained unaffected by the PGPR treatments. In conclusion, the wheat rhizobacterial community structure is highly dynamic and influenced by different factors such as the plant's age, the fertilizer input and the type of bio-inoculant. In addition, there is a distance-related effect of the root on the bacterial community. Finally, a combined bio-inoculation of diacetyl-phloroglucinol producing PGPR strains and AMF can synergistically improve the nutritional quality of the grain without negatively affecting mycorrhizal growth.

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Productivity and management of rice–wheat cropping systems: issues and challenges

Cited by 720 publications

References 117 publications

Assessing soil properties and nutrient availability under conservation agriculture practices in a reclaimed sodic soil in cereal-based systems of North-West India

Assessing soil properties and nutrient availability under conservation agriculture practices in a reclaimed sodic soil in cereal-based systems of North-West India

CSM-CERES-Rice model to determine management strategies for lowland rice production

Plant growth stage, fertiliser management and bio-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria affect the rhizobacterial community structure in rain-fed wheat fields

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