Productivity and adaptability of the new carrot and garlic cultivars in Lithuania

Abstract

The new carrot (Daucus sativus Röhl.) hybrids 'Ieva' and 'Rokita' and the garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivar 'Dangiai' were developed at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry during 2012-2015. The breeding direction was to increase vegetable production and to improve its quality. Carrot roots of the new hybrids have good properties for storage and maintenance of biochemical components. The hybrids 'Ieva' and 'Rokita' were compared with three foreign hybrids 'Jitka', 'Maestro' and 'Champion'. Lithuanian hybrids were distinguished by the highest marketable yield ranging from 64.6 to 66.7 t ha -1 . The hybrid 'Ieva' accumulated the highest content of carotene 21.8 mg 100 g -1 , total sugar 8.6% and dry soluble solids 11.5%. Roots of the hybrid 'Rokita' were the most resistant to black rot of carrots and bacterial soft rots. Good adaptability, productivity and a stable number of cloves per bulb is characteristic of the new garlic cultivar 'Dangiai'. The overwinter survival rate of plants was 98%, the productivity -14.6 t ha -1 and the average weight per bulb -75 g. The carrot hybrids 'Ieva' and 'Rokita' and the garlic cultivar 'Dangiai' have been included in the National Plant Variety List and in the EC Common Catalogue of Varieties of Vegetable Species.

Application of Genetic Resources in the Development of New Lithuanian Vegetable Cultivars

“…Carrot hybrids, onion, and garlic are well adapted to Lithuanian climate conditions and resistant to biotic and abiotic factors. More detailed data and features of new cultivars are submitted in the scientific articles [ 3 , 5 , 12 , 15 , 25 ].…”

“…Tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper, carrot, Jerusalem artichoke, garlic, and onion are important vegetable species taking the main positions in Lithuanian and European commercial vegetable growing [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The plants of cultivars created for the last period are superior in the use of nutrients from the soil and stand out with a higher yield of marketable production [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Crossbreeding and directional selection are important methods playing a major role in Lithuanian vegetable breeding [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Genetic Variability Studies of Indonesian Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Accessions Based on Morphological Traits

“…Genotypic and phenotypic assessment is essential for improvement through plant breeding and conservation strategies (Chen et al, 2021). Since garlic rarely produces true seeds, achieving cultivar development is mainly through clonal selection (Shiga et al, 2015;Dhall, 2016;Karklelienė et al, 2018). However, in garlic, the phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics have complicated clones' identification because some of the phenotypes gain more effects from environmental factors (Sánchez-Virosta et al, 2021;Aswani et al, 2023).…”

Estimation of Morphological Features and Essential Oil Content of Basils (Ocimum basilicum L.) Grown under Different Conditions

“…These properties are associated with the presence of essential oil in basil. Many studies and conclusions are presented about the composition and peculiarities of essential oil accumulation in basils as well as in other spices and plants with antioxidant properties [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Chang et al [ 15 ] report the content and amounts of essential oils depending on the age of basil plants.…”