“…However, the reality indicated that several schools in Indonesia still had teachers who had not demonstrated high OCB, even though the government has attempted to appreciate them, such as providing allowances and training to improve performance and competence (Alshaikh & Bond, 2020;Ghalavi & Nastiezaie, 2020;Samancioglu et al, 2019). Several research reports revealed that teachers' quality, professionalism, and competence, particularly in Indonesia, were still relatively low (Lestari et al, 2021;Soparidah et al, 2021) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) released its report in the 2016 Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report that education in Indonesia was only ranked 10 th out of 14 developing countries.…”