Productive Performance of Growing Barki Lambs Fed on Jojoba Meal under Desert Conditions

Abstract

The study was carried out in Animal Production Research Unit in the Sustainable Development Center for Matrouh Resources (SDCMR), Matrouh Governorate, belonging to Desert Research Center, El-Matarya, Cairo, Egypt. The main problem of utilizing Jojoba meal as a feed source is the presence of simmondsin as a major toxic compound with other anti -nutritional factors. The main objective of the present study was to assess the influence of replacing (70%) of undecorticated cotton seed meal (CSM) of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) with Jojoba meal (JM) (Simmondsia chinensis), either as untreated JM (UJM) (R2) or treated biologically with lactic acid bacteria (JMB) (R3) or treated chemically with 70% isopropanol (JMI) (R4) on the concentration of anti -nutritional factors ANFʼs ( mainly simmondsin), dry matter intake (DMI), daily gain, digestion coefficients, rumen fermentation, some of blood biochemical parameters and consequently animal performance. Control group (R1) fed on traditional CFM. Twenty four Barki lambs weighed 24 kg 6 months old were used in this experiment. Obtained Results indicated that both treatments (biologically or chemically) showed a positive effect in reducing ANFʼs while chemical composition of all the experimental rations had comparable values. Detoxified JM with bacteria or with isopropanol showed the highest feed intake as dry matter, crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digested crude protein (DCP) with significant differences . Consequently, the average daily gain (ADG) g/h was descendingly arranged as follow : lambs fed on (R4), followed by those fed on (R3), control lambs (R1) then those fed on (R2).The values of DM,TDN and DCP intake /kg gain indicated that lambs fed JMI were the highest , followed by R1 fed lambs then JMB fed lambs, while the least values for lambs fed on UJM. Rumen parameters as pH, ammonia -Nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and volatile fatty acids (VFAʼs) concentrations were affected with treatments. No significant differences were detected in serum metabolites, except that for liver enzymes (AST and ALT). Since both treatments showed elevated activities in all JM fed animals, compared with control one. Generally, the endocrine function tests (T 3 and T 4 ) showed a significant elevations in lambs fed JM rations either treated or untreated. It could be concluded that, chemical or biological treatments of Jojoba meal with isopropanol or with lactic acid bacteria could offer a good solution for the reduction or elimination of toxic and bitter simmondsin and some of phenolics from Jojoba meal and could be used in animal nutrition without negative effects on animal performance.

Bio-Detoxification of Jojoba Meal by Aspergillus oryzae and Impact of its Utilization in Ewes and Lambs' Feeding

“…The values of TDN and DCP intake increased with increasing of the replacement percentage of cotton seed meal by treated jojoba meal. The present results are in accordance with those reported by Abdou (2018) and Abdou and El-Essawy (2018). On the other hand, during late pregnancy, the intake levels of total dry matter, were numerically higher in ewes feed on control ration compared to both 7 and 14% (TJM).…”

“…While the biological treatments led to increase ash and CP contents by about 28.45 and 5.88%, respectively compared with untreated jojoba meal. These results are in a agreement with data reported by Molawe 2006, El-Kady et al (2008), Khalel et al (2008) and Abdou and El-Essawy (2018). Ether extract (EE) of treated JM was higher (13.81%) than most of published values (Verbiscar et al, 1980 andNgou Ngoupayou et al, 1982) and lower than that obtained by Sobhy et al (2003).…”

“…A slight decrease in CF content might be attributed to replacement cotton seed meal with jojoba meal (Table 2). Similar findings were reported by El-Kady et al (2008), Khalel et al (2008) and Abdou and El-Essawy (2018).…”

“…As shown in Table 7, thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) did not differ significantly as a result of providing treated JM at both levels. These findings are in agreement with those of Abdou, (2018) and Abdou and El-Essawy (2018). This indicated that no negative effects were observed on blood parameters when cotton seed meal was partially replaced by supplemented jojoba meal.…”

“…This result might be due the highest nutrients digestibility and nutritive value with R3 compared with other rations. Abdou and El-Essawy (2018) found that the best values of average daily gain and DMI showed a descending trend for lambs fed jojoba meal treated with Iso-propanol, control, lambs fed the untreated JM then lambs fed JM treated with lactic acid bacteria. The results showed that there were not significant effects of jojoba meal on feed conversion.…”