Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry: a review

Abstract

Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers, despite substantial efforts in prevention and control. Antibiotics have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases, but also for growth promotion. Consequently, these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans, animals, and the environment. To break down the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use (AMU) while adopting the antibiotic-free (ABF) and organic production practices to satisfy consumers’ demands. However, it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut microbiome. Various Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica serovars, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, E. coli) and Gram-positive (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and C. perfringens) bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically- and ABF-raised chickens. In this review, we discussed major poultry production systems (conventional, ABF and organic) and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportunities to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.

Yeast mannan rich fraction positively influences microbiome uniformity, productivity associated taxa, and lay performance

“…To ensure productivity and maintain animal welfare, mitigation of the emergence and spread of bacterial disease is essential [ 37 ]. Current management strategies focus on biosecurity, vaccines, and nutritional supplements [ 64 ]. As such, a considerable market gap exists for non-antibiotic microbiota modulators that do not promote clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance and positively aid in growth promotion of food animals such as prebiotics, probiotics, essential oils, and organic acids.…”

Occurrence, antibiotic resistance profiles and associated risk factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae in poultry farms in selected districts of Somalia Reginal State, Ethiopia

“…Klebsiella pneumoniae has been documented to be a widely widespread pathogenic agent with a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, however antibiotic sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae has not been thoroughly researched, particularly in poultry [ 41 ]. In vitro, antibiotic susceptibility assays were performed on 30 isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae in this study.…”

Microbiome of Ceca from Broiler Chicken Vaccinated or Not against Coccidiosis and Fed Berry Pomaces

“…To contribute to identifying issues and opportunities in developing efficient and safe production practices, major poultry production systems and their impacts on AMR have been reviewed [ 57 ]. It has been reported that different diets could contribute to the transmission of ARGs by remodeling the intestinal environment, which could affect exogenous ARGs to change the intestinal resistome [ 58 ].…”